Perfluorocarbon-Encapsulated PLGA-PEG Emulsions as Enhancement Agents for Highly Efficient Reoxygenation to Cell and Organism

Abstract

Perfluorocarbon (PFC), a kind of oxygen carrier, is encapsulated in PLGA-PEG to prepare a PLGA-PEG/PFC emulsion for highly efficient reoxygenation to cell and organism. HCT 116 cells are used as a model cell, whose viability has a significant enhancement after reoxygenation with PLGA-PEG/PFC emulsion because of the sufficient and timely oxygen supply. Meanwhile, hypoxia-reoxygenation injury will happen along with cell hypoxia-reoxygenation treatment, which is reflected by increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cells. However, the integration of intracellular ROS and cell viability implies that the degree of hypoxia-reoxygenation injury is sublethal to HCT116 cells when the concentration of PLGA-PEG/PFC emulsion is lower than 0.2 mg/mL. Furthermore, the change of the expression level of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) is similar to that of cell viability during reoxygenation, which suggests that HIF-1α or its downstream proteins may make a significant contribution to cell viability. In vivo oxygen supply is assessed in rats through pulmonary delivery, which shows that PLGA-PEG/PFC emulsion can supply oxygen to rats and improve rats' lung ventilation.

Reactive oxygen species generating systems meeting challenges of photodynamic cancer therapy

“…166 Researches have also shown that perfluorocarbons can prolong cell survival under hypoxic environment owing to the controlled release of oxygen. 171-173 Therefore, perfluorocarbons are potentially valuable oxygen modulators and should be of great potential to replenish oxygen consumption and promote ROS generation in PDT studies. 174, 175 …”

“…170, 173, 176, 177 Specifically, oxygen-favoring PDT would deplete oxygenation level through photochemical consumption and occlusion of blood vessels. 146 Therefore, perfluorocarbon-integrated PDT with a continuous supply of molecular oxygen could be an innovative strategy to diminish the oxygen dependence.…”

Oxygen and indocyanine green loaded phase-transition nanoparticle-mediated photo-sonodynamic cytotoxic effects on rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes

“…[33][34][35][36] Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that liquid perfluorocarbon compounds (PFC) act as a good oxygen carrier 37 and are widely used in ultrasound imaging, and PLGA NPs entrapped with PFC droplets have been reported in several studies. [38][39][40] So far, there is no report about the establishment and application of PLGA NPs delivering ICG and oxygen simultaneously.…”

A New Route to Obtain Perfluorodecalin Nanocapsules as An Oxygen Carrier in Cosmetic Formulations

“…Fraker et al found particle size to be a critical factor affecting oxygen mass transfer from PFC containing colloidal systems and optimized the manufacture of nano-scale emulsion [7]. PFC were also encapsulated into biodegradable nanoparticles composed of PEGylated PLGA, as enhancement agents for efficient re-oxygenation to cells and organisms [8].…”