Perfluoroalkyl substances in a firefighting training ground (FTG), distribution and potential future release

Baduel, Christine; Paxman, C.; Mueller, Jochen F.

doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.03.007

Cited by 114 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…This is similar to the results of a previous study that found seasonal trends were not observed in PFOS and PFOA concentrations from wastewater treatment facility effluents [ 40 ]. This result is also compatible with the findings published in literature that showed long chain PFAS concentrations vary insignificantly over years [ 41 ]. While not part of current EPA health advisories, the concentration of PFHxS observed was comparable to the PFOS concentration at both sites.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Monthly Variations in Perfluorinated Compound Concentrations in Groundwater

Steele

Griffith

Duran

2018

Toxics

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Large-scale manufacturing of poly- and perfluorinated compounds in the second half of the 20th century has led to their ubiquity in the environment, and their unique structure has made them persistent contaminants. A recent drinking water advisory level issued by the United States Environmental Protection Agency lowered the advisory level concentration of perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) from 200 nanograms per liter and 400 nanograms per liter, respectively, to 70 nanograms per liter separately or combined. Small temporal variations in PFOS and PFOA concentrations could be the difference between meeting or exceeding the recommended limit. In this study, newly sampled data from a contaminated military site in Alaska and historical data from former Pease Air Force Base were collected. Data were evaluated to determine if monthly variations within PFOS and PFOA existed. No statistically significant temporal trend was observed in the Alaska data, while the results from Pease, although statistically significant, showed the spread of observed contaminant concentrations around the fitted line is broad (as indicated by the low R2 values), indicating that collection date has little value in predicting contaminant concentrations. Though not currently the subject of a US EPA health advisory, data on perfluorobutanesulfonic acid (PFBS), perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS), perfluoroheptanoic acid (PFHpA), and perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) were collected for each site and their average concentrations evaluated.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Monthly Variations in Perfluorinated Compound Concentrations in Groundwater

Steele

Griffith

Duran

2018

Toxics

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“…Further degradation of 6:2 FTSA ultimately yields short-chain PFCAs (C ≤ 7) (Wang et al, 2011;Weiner et al, 2013). The training pad concrete at one of the training facilities in a previous study had been examined for PFAA distribution and potential future release (Baduel et al, 2015). The total mass (g) of individual PFAAs in the top 15 cm of the entire pad was estimated based on analysis of 15 individual samples of concrete dust extracted by drilling.…”

Section: Pfaa Exposure Attributed To Afff Usagementioning

confidence: 99%

Elevated levels of PFOS and PFHxS in firefighters exposed to aqueous film forming foam (AFFF)

Rotander

Toms

Aylward

et al. 2015

Environment International

Self Cite

153

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“…Indeed, between the mid-1960s and early 2000s, PFOS and related PFASs were the active ingredients in AFFFs. As a consequence of uncontrolled releases of AFFFs into the environment via airport firefighting activities, elevated concentrations of PFASs in surface water, soil, groundwater, and fish near civilian airports, military airbases, and firefighter training areas have been reported worldwide (Ahrens et al, 2015;Baduel et al, 2015;de Solla et al, 2012;Filipovic et al, 2015;Gewurtz et al, 2014;Lescord et al, 2015;Moody et al, 2002;Moody et al, 2003). In Norway, AFFFs have been identified as the major source of PFOS in the environment and have resulted in several contaminated hot spots around firefighting training areas (Sweco/Norconsult, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%