Perfidi Filters Validation: From Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Relaxometry to Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Abstract

In order to well distinguish different tissues of the human body by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), it is of great importance to find procedures to improve the image contrast. In particular, a valuable feature is to image only specific parts of organs and/or tissues while ignoring all the others. Dedicated MRI sequences able to filter the 1 H nuclei signals based on the different longitudinal relaxation times (T1) of the tissues have been developed. Standard signal selection/attenuation sequences, such as the Short Time Inversion Recovery and Multiple Inversion Recovery, have the effect to zero the signal for a discrete number of T1 values. Parametrically Enabled Relaxation Filters with Double and multiple Inversion (PERFIDI) sequences act on a range of T1 values and behave as an electronic band-pass or high-pass or low-pass filters. PERFIDI filters are therefore primarily focused on the components that pass through, rather than on those that are blocked. These filters have been developed and tested by nuclear magnetic resonance relaxometry. Here, these sequences have been validated for MRI on phantom samples to mimic T1 distributions present in tissues. Preliminary applications show that PERFIDI filters can effectively work on a range of T1 values to give well contrasted images.