Perfect vortex in three-dimensional multifocal array

Deng, Duo; Li, Yudong; Han, Yuhui; Su, Xiaoya; Ye, Jingfu; Gao, Jianmin; Sun, Qiaoqun; Qu, Shiliang

doi:10.1364/oe.24.028270

Cited by 66 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Since the ring radius of vortex intensity profile strongly depends on the topological charge (TC), it is not easy to couple multiple OAM beams simultaneously into single air‐core fiber used for multiplexed communications . In order to solve the above issue, perfect vortex (PV) beams have been proposed to possess unchanged annular intensity profiles independent of TCs . The PV beams have the same vortex ring radius and beam divergence for different TCs, enabling their special applications in particle manipulation, plasmonic enhancement, optical communication, quantum optics, and laser manufacturing .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Generating Focused 3D Perfect Vortex Beams By Plasmonic Metasurfaces

Zhang

Liu

Gao

et al. 2018

Advanced Optical Materials

136

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from the Fourier transformation of the Bessel-Gauss (BG) beam, [13,14] by utilizing a series of free-space bulky optical components including axicon, spiral phase plate, Fourier transform lens, and spatial light modulator. This fact greatly increases the optical system complexity and also hinders the device integration in OAM-based photonic circuits.Recently, plasmonic metasurfaces made of subwavelength nanoantenna arrays in thin metallic films have provided a powerful and efficient platform for manipulating the intensity, wavefront, and polarization of light beams beyond the diffraction limit. [26,27] In contrast to the bulky optical components with wavelengthdependent phase shift based on optical path difference, in the Pancharatnam-Berry phase optical elements (PBOEs), the PB phase in broadband operation originating from the geometric phase and accompanied polarization conversion is introduced. [28][29][30][31][32][33][34] The PBOE-based metasurfaces have been widely designed for wavefront shaping applications in making on-chip structured beam generators, [35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45] flat lenses, [46][47][48][49] ultrathin wave plates, [50][51][52] and holograms. [53][54][55][56][57] In this work, we present PBOE-based plasmonic metasurfaces made of rectangular-hole nanoantenna arrays as integrated optical beam converters for the direct generation of the focused 3D PV beams, without using bulky optical components, such as axicon, lens, and spatial light modulator. The PB phase profiles encoded on metasurfaces are uniquely designed with the combined phase distributions of axicon, spiral phase plate, and Fourier transform lens. The single ultrathin plasmonic metasurface device with compact area of 50 µm × 50 µm can create 3D PV beam in a long propagation distance and operate in a broad wavelength range from 600 to 1000 nm, which is useful in wavelength-multiplexed OAM-based optical fiber communication. For comparison, the previously demonstrated PB phase element system used to produce PV beams contains three in-sequence metasurface plates with efficient diameters ≥6 mm fabricated in glass boards, with the single operating wavelength at 632.8 nm. [13] It is shown that the obtained PV beams have the almost constant vortex ring radius and the same beam divergence for different TCs. We also demonstrate that the PV beam structures can be easily adjusted by varying several control parameters in the metasurface design including axicon period, lens focal length, and operation wavelength. Furthermore, multiple PV beams with Perfect vortex (PV) beams possessing annular intensity profiles independent of topological charges promise significant advances in particle manipulation, fiber communication, and quantum optics. The PV beam is typically generated from the Fourier transformation of the Bessel-Gauss beam. However, the conventional method to produce PV beams requires a series of bulky optical components, which greatly increases the system complexity and also hinders the photonic device integration. Here, ...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Generating Focused 3D Perfect Vortex Beams By Plasmonic Metasurfaces

Zhang

Liu

Gao

et al. 2018

Advanced Optical Materials

136

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“…We can generate multiple curve beams at the same time and keep properties such as HIG and phase gradient unchanged. Although Deng et al [12] proposed an approach for creating multifocal vortices arrays, they only generate ring curves of beams on different regions. In this paper, the optical vortices can be designed in other shapes besides the ring, and the relative position of the Z direction can be adjusted flexibly.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the above-mentioned technique can only produce a single optical pattern in the focal plane. In 2016, Deng et al proposed an approach for creating three-dimensional (3D) multifocal vortices arrays [12]. The position, orbital angular momentum states, number and diameter of each beam can be freely modulated, but the technology simply duplicates the same pattern on different regions, restricting its application in more complicated beam circumstances.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous Generation of Complex Structured Curve Beam

Tang

Xia

2019

Nanomaterials

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At present, people are using holographic technologies to shape complex optical beams for both fundamental research and practical applications. However, most of the reported works are focusing on the generation of a single beam pattern based on the computer-generated hologram (CGH). In this paper, we present a method for simultaneously shaping the multiple beam lattice where the intensity and phase of each individual beam can be prescribed along an arbitrary geometric curve. The CGH that is responsible for each individual beam is calculated by using the holographic beam shaping technique, afterwards all the CGHs are multiplexed and encoded into one phase-only hologram by adding respective linear phase grating such that different curves are appeared in different positions of the focal regions. We experimentally prove that the simultaneous generation of multiple beams can be readily achieved. The generated beams are especially useful for applications such as multitasking micro-machining and optical trapping.

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“…This is because, during the generation of the POV, it appears only in the near proximity of the Fourier plane of a spatial light modulator (SLM) [29]. Therefore, a traditional method is used to measure the TCs of the POV by the interference between a POV beam and a spherical beam [30], [31], but this method requires some specialized optical components with fine alignment and the accuracy of the experimental optical path. To address this problem, Ma et al reported an improved method to measure the POV beam with phase shift technique [29], which can overlap and interfere exactly between the POV beam and its phase conjugate in an approximately Fourier plane.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid Angular Gradient Phase Grating for Measuring the Orbital Angular Momentum of Perfect Optical Vortex Beams

et al. 2020

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We propose an effective method to measure the orbital angular momentum of a perfect optical vortex (POV) beam with a hybrid angular gradient phase grating (HAG-PG), which is a gradient grating with angular changing distribution. The HAG-PG performs the transformation from the POV to the dark stripes of the diffraction intensity patterns. From the number and the orientation of dark stripes of far-field diffraction patterns formed by the HAG-PG, the modulus of TC and sign of the incident POV beam can be determined. The high scalability of this method for being unrestricted by the Fourier plane and its adaptation for measuring the POV beams with different states are demonstrated by loading the HAG-PG hologram on a spatial light modulator. And the detection sensitivity of the POV beam can be significantly improved. The experimental results agree well with the theoretical simulations.

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Perfect vortex in three-dimensional multifocal array

Cited by 66 publications

References 36 publications

Generating Focused 3D Perfect Vortex Beams By Plasmonic Metasurfaces

Generating Focused 3D Perfect Vortex Beams By Plasmonic Metasurfaces

Simultaneous Generation of Complex Structured Curve Beam

Hybrid Angular Gradient Phase Grating for Measuring the Orbital Angular Momentum of Perfect Optical Vortex Beams

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