Percutaneous microwave coagulation therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma located on the surface of the liver.

Microwave coagulation therapy for liver cancer: laparoscopic microwave coagulation

“…Complete coagulation necrosis was observed by dynamic computed tomography (CT) in 75%-100% of patients immediately (a few days to 1 week) after treatment. 3,15,25,28,34,42,47 Complete coagulation necrosis generally tended to be achieved more frequently by endoscopic MC than by percutaneous MC. At most facilities, judgments are made a few days to 1 week after treatment, by dynamic CT.…”

“…PMC is the most widely performed MC, presumably because it is regarded as an extension of the conventional PEI and can be performed readily with the patient under local anesthesia. [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30] If PMC can be performed safely and easily with consistent effects, it may be an ideal procedure. At present, however, the treatment must be repeated several times to ensure its effectiveness; thus, the duration of hospitalization is considerably extended.…”

Hepatocellular Carcinoma-Cause, Treatment and Metastasis

“…Percutaneous microwave coagulation therapy (PMCT) is an extension of PEI, the 5-year survival for patients with welldifferentiated HCC treated with PMCT and PEI were comparable, however, among the patients with moderately or poorly differentiated HCC, 5-year survival with PMCT (78%) was better than with PEI (35%) [75] . PEI is difficult for small HCC on the surface of liver, however, PMCT can be performed safely in such patients [76] . After PMCT, a second biopsy on 19 patients showed complete destruction of tumor in 18 patients [77] .…”

Multiphase helical CT findings after percutaneous ablation procedures for hepatocellular carcinoma

“…A perinodular area of THAD should not be confused with the previous finding and should be regarded as a frequent CT and also magnetic resonance imaging feature of early posttreatment period, particularly after SS-PEI, microwave coagulation, cryosurgery, RFTA, and ILP [1,6,9,14,26,32,33,37]. This transient hyperattenuation (increased arterial-related enhancement) is due to reactive hyperemia, decreased portal flow, or thrombosis of portal branches, and is usually ringlike or wedge-shaped (extending from the tumor to the liver capsule) [1,26,37].…”

“…Several imaging-guided procedures have been proposed that may be performed percutaneously, but in some cases these procedures may be performed intraoperatively or during laparoscopy: multisession ethanol injection (MS-PEI) therapy [1][2][3], single-session ethanol injection (SS-PEI, or "one-shot") therapy [4], radiofrequency thermal ablation (RFTA) therapy [5][6][7][8][9][10], interstitial laser photocoagulation (ILP) therapy [11], mitoxantrone injection therapy [12], microwave coagulation therapy [13][14][15][16], acetic acid injection therapy [17], hot saline injection therapy [18], and cryoablation therapy [19]. These options may also be performed during a hepatic inflow or outflow occlusion, may be combined with an intraarterial transcatheter chemoembolization, or may follow one another over time [6, 11, 19 -22].…”