Percutaneous injection of ethanol to treat autonomous thyroid nodules.

Effectiveness of Percutaneous Ethanol Injection Therapy in Benign Nodular and Cystic Thyroid Diseases: Long-term Follow-up Experience

“…Significant correlation between initial volume and volume reduction in this study was consistent with the result by Verde et al, and volume reduction in cases between initial volume more than 10 mL and initial volume less than 10 mL showed significant difference as well [26]. These results are interesting because some authors reported that initial volume was not correlated or inversely correlated with volume reduction in benign complex cyst [19,31].…”

“…However, surgery often has serious peri-or postoperative complications, and radioactive iodine ablation requires special equipment. Since Livraghi et al first applied PEI therapy to AFTN in 1990, PEI therapy has been proposed as a suitable alternative nonsurgical treatment of AFTN, and many data have showed PEI therapy to be effective and safe throughout the short-term follow-up period [13,[15][16][17][18][19][32][33][34][35]. Recently, Guglielmi et al suggested that small AFTN, particularly if volume is less than 5 mL and extranodular uptake is not yet completely suppressed, should be treated by PEI therapy in patients who refuse radioactive iodine ablation [14].…”

“…In assessing the effectiveness of PEI therapy in AFTN, previous studies showed excellent results as much as 50-90% by defining response as normalization of thyroid hormone level and recovery of extranodular uptake [15][16][17][18][19]. However, considering that AFTN is a monoclonal neoplasm, an indispensable component to interpret the response of PEI therapy would be whether or not the hot nodule itself disappears after PEI therapy.…”

Sonography-Guided Ethanol Ablation of a Remnant Solid Component after Radio-Frequency Ablation of Benign Solid Thyroid Nodules: A Preliminary Study

“…Studies that have examined the use of EA to treat benign solid thyroid nodules have shown varying levels of success, depending on nodule size, the volume of ethanol instilled, and the presence of nodule toxicity. [10][11][12][13][14] However, the author of this study has recently found that EA may be a viable alternative to RFA or surgery for the treatment of these nodules. 15 In addition, to the best of my knowledge, no study has previously examined the feasibility of using EA to remove any peripherally located solid components remaining after treatment of benign solid thyroid nodules with RFA.…”

Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma with Multiple Hepatic Metastases: Treatment with Transcatheter Arterial Embolization and Percutaneous Ethanol Injection.

“…Whenit is possible, radical surgical resection has therapeutic value and the prognosis of medullary thyroid carcinoma is generally favorable; however, there have been no effective strategies for unresectable medullary thyroid carcinoma. Recently, PEI has been used for the treatment of recurrent thyroid cancer and autonomously functioning thyroid nodules (12). The present case report suggests that TAE and/or PEI are valuable in attacking medullary thyroid carcinoma and hepatic metastases from medullary thyroid carcinoma.…”