Percolation in networks of 1-dimensional objects: comparison between Monte Carlo simulations and experimental observations

Langley, Daniel; Lagrange, Mélanie; Nguyen, Ngoc Duy; Bellet, Daniel

doi:10.1039/c8nh00066b

Cited by 33 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…It also demonstrates that the combination of high and low aspect ratio AgNWs can be a feasible approach to prepare semitransparent electrodes for realizing efficient ST‐OPVs. In addition, we found that the V oc of the ST‐OPVs is slightly lower than that of the reference sample, [ 42 ] which is 0.70 V. Based on the mechanism of the V oc of polymer solar cells, [ 57,58 ] the difference might be ascribed to the lower work function of PEDOT:PSS than MoO 3 . Interestingly, the control devices with AgNW‐HR top electrodes show similar champion performance (the PCE of 7.41%) as the AgNW‐BM‐based devices.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A minimum loading density is preferred to maximize the optical transmittance while ensuring electrical conductivity. Based on a study [ 42 ] on stick percolation by Monte Carlo simulations, the relationship between the critical density ( N c ) required for percolation and the length of nanowires is given by the equation: N c L = 5.6. It clearly reveals that longer AgNWs can lower the percolative threshold number, whereas a network of short AgNWs inevitably requires more nanowires to ensure a well‐connected and percolating network.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Novel Bimodal Silver Nanowire Network as Top Electrodes for Reproducible and High‐Efficiency Semitransparent Organic Photovoltaics

et al. 2020

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Semitransparent organic photovoltaics (ST-OPVs) provide a potentially facile route for some applications in building integrated photovoltaics. One of the challenges in developing large-scale, printable ST-OPVs is to address the need for highperformance and fully solution-processed top electrodes, allowing the replacement of the evaporated thin metallic films (Ag, Au, and Al). Silver nanowire (AgNW) is considered a promising candidate for the substitution due to its excellent transparency, conductivity, and solution processability. Herein, a novel bimodal AgNW (AgNW-BM) electrode is reported, comprising AgNWs of two different aspect ratios. It is shown that the AgNW-BM film achieves lower sheet resistance and higher visible transmittance than each monodisperse AgNW film, respectively. Furthermore, ST-OPVs based on PTB7-Th:IEICO-4F with AgNW-BM top electrodes are fabricated, which can obtain a maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 7.49% with an average visible transmittance (AVT) of 33%. The ST-devices also demonstrate an enhanced reproducibility and excellent color-rendering index of 90. In addition, the bimodal top electrode is successfully implemented in the PM6:Y6 system with a higher PCE of 9.79% and with an AVT of 23%, demonstrating the universality for various semiconductor systems. Our work provides a simple strategy to realize fully solution-processed, highly efficient ST-OPVs.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Bimodal Silver Nanowire Network as Top Electrodes for Reproducible and High‐Efficiency Semitransparent Organic Photovoltaics

et al. 2020

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“…A discussion of deviations from the model are included in sections 3 and 4 of the Supplementary Information. Other factors that can affect the electro-optical predictions of our model include the inherent flexibility of the NWs and the diameter dependent persistence length which is known to play an important role in the connectivity of the networks 47,48 . At this point, for the sake of simplicity, our simulations only account for rigid rods and fixed persistence lengths.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Electro-Optical Performance of Silver Nanowire Networks

Manning

Rocha

Callaghan

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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Networks of metallic nanowires have the potential to meet the needs of next-generation device technologies that require flexible transparent conductors. At present, there does not exist a first principles model capable of predicting the electro-optical performance of a nanowire network. Here we combine an electrical model derived from fundamental material properties and electrical equations with an optical model based on Mie theory scattering of light by small particles. This approach enables the generation of analogues for any nanowire network and then accurately predicts, without the use of fitting factors, the optical transmittance and sheet resistance of the transparent electrode. Predictions are validated using experimental data from the literature of networks comprised of a wide range of aspect ratios (nanowire length/diameter). The separation of the contributions of the material resistance and the junction resistance allows the effectiveness of post-deposition processing methods to be evaluated and provides a benchmark for the minimum attainable sheet resistance. The predictive power of this model enables a material-by-design approach, whereby suitable systems can be prescribed for targeted technology applications.

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“…similarly demonstrated that nanowire length is likely the dominant factor governing the electrical performance of MNW networks. [ 120 ] Some models have been developed to try to predict the sheet resistance of a nanowire network as a function of microscopic parameters, such as the work by Forró et al. [ 121 ] to predict the sheet resistance of a MNW network as a function of microscopic parameters.…”

Section: Modeling and Simulations To Understand Failurementioning

confidence: 99%

Failing Forward: Stability of Transparent Electrodes Based on Metal Nanowire Networks

et al. 2020

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Metal nanowire (MNW)‐based transparent electrode technologies have significantly matured over the last decade to become a prominent low‐cost alternative to indium tin oxide (ITO). Beyond reaching the same level of performance as ITO, MNW networks offer additional advantages including flexibility and low materials cost. To facilitate adoption of MNW networks as a replacement to ITO, they must overcome their inherent stability issues while maintaining their properties and cost‐effectiveness. Herein, the fundamental failure mechanisms of MNW networks are discussed in detail. Recent strategies to computationally model MNWs from the nano‐ to macroscale and suggest future work to capture dynamic failure to unravel mechanisms that account for convolution of the failure modes are highlighted. Strategies to characterize MNW network failure in situ and postmortem are also discussed. In addition, recent work about improving the stability of MNW networks via encapsulation is discussed. Lastly, a perspective is given on how to frame the requirements of MNW‐encapsulant hybrids with reference to their target applications, namely: solar cells, transparent film heaters, sensors, and displays. A cost analysis to comment on the feasibility of implementing MNW hybrids is provided, and critical areas to focus on for future work on MNW networks are suggested.

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Percolation in networks of 1-dimensional objects: comparison between Monte Carlo simulations and experimental observations

Cited by 33 publications

References 24 publications

Novel Bimodal Silver Nanowire Network as Top Electrodes for Reproducible and High‐Efficiency Semitransparent Organic Photovoltaics

Novel Bimodal Silver Nanowire Network as Top Electrodes for Reproducible and High‐Efficiency Semitransparent Organic Photovoltaics

The Electro-Optical Performance of Silver Nanowire Networks

Failing Forward: Stability of Transparent Electrodes Based on Metal Nanowire Networks

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