Perchlorate Uptake in Spinach As Related to Perchlorate, Nitrate, And Chloride Concentrations in Irrigation Water

Ha, Wonsook; Suarez, Donald L.; Lesch, Scott M.

doi:10.1021/es2010094

Cited by 32 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Plant sample extraction for ClO 4 − followed the method of Seyfferth and Parker (2006). The detailed extraction methods were described by Ha et al (2011). Perchlorate standard solutions were made from reagent‐grade NaClO 4 (Aldrich Chemical Co.).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Predicting Perchlorate Uptake in Greenhouse Lettuce from Perchlorate, Nitrate, and Chloride Irrigation Water Concentrations

Suarez

Lesch

2013

J. environ. qual.

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Perchlorate (ClO) has been detected in edible leafy vegetables irrigated with Colorado River water. The primary concern has been the ClO concentration in lettuce ( L. var. L.). There has been a limited number of studies on ClO uptake, but the interactive effect of other anions on ClO uptake is not known in detail. We conducted a greenhouse ClO uptake experiment using two types of lettuce (iceberg and butterhead) to investigate the interaction of uptake of ClO, Cl, and NO on ClO uptake under controlled conditions. We examined three concentrations of ClO, 40, 220, and 400 nmol/L; Cl at 2.5, 13.75, and 25 mmol/L; and NO at 2, 11, and 20 mmol/L. Perchlorate was taken up the most in lettuce when ClO was the greatest and NO and Cl were lowest in concentration in the irrigation water. More ClO was detected in leafy material than in root tissue. In general, the outer leaves of iceberg and butterhead lettuce contained more ClO than did the inner leaves. The results indicate that selective ClO uptake occurs for green leaf lettuce. A predictive model was developed to describe the ClO concentration in lettuce as related to the Cl, NO, and ClO concentration in the irrigation water. Research results can be utilized to elucidate the effect of salts on the accumulation and uptake of ClO by edible leafy vegetables.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Detailed descriptions of this method for ClO 4 − analysis have been provided by Snyder et al (2005) and USEPA (2007). The detailed HPLC settings were described by Ha et al (2011). An isotopically labeled internal standard was not used.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting Perchlorate Uptake in Greenhouse Lettuce from Perchlorate, Nitrate, and Chloride Irrigation Water Concentrations

Suarez

Lesch

2013

J. environ. qual.

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“…Backer [84], Potamogeton perfoliatus L. [85], Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle and Vallisneria natans (Lour.) Hara [193]; giant reed (Arundo donax) [194], and Poaceae (Phragmites australis) [194] and Ipomoea aquatica [195] while Myriophyllum aquaticum (watermilfoil) [196] and bulrush (Scirpus lacustris) [197] have also been used earlier. Some of these plants in some cases have been reported to better treat wastewater than normal wastewater Preprints (www.preprints.org) | NOT PEER-REVIEWED | Posted: 2 September 2019 doi:10.20944/preprints201909.0020.v1…”

Section: Phytoremediation Of Organic Pollutant In Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytoremediation of Polluted Waterbodies with Aquatic plants: Recent Progress on Heavy Metal and Organic Pollutants

Christian¹,

Beniah²

2019

Preprint

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Heavy metals and organic pollutants are ubiquitous environmental pollutants affecting the quality of soil, water and air. Over the past 5 decades, many strategies have been developed for the remediation of polluted water. Strategies involving aquatic plant use are preferable to conventional methods. In this study, an attempt was made to provide a brief review on recent progresses in research and practical applications of phytoremediation for water resources with the following objectives: (1) to discuss the toxicity of toxic chemicals pollution in water to plant, animals and human health (2) to summarise the physicochemical factors affecting removal of toxic chemicals such as heavy metals and organic contaminants in aqueous solutions by aquatic plants; (3) to summarise and compare the removal rates of heavy metals and organic contaminants in aqueous solutions by diverse aquatic plants; and (4) to summarise chemometric models for testing aquatic plant performance. More than 20 aquatic plants specie have been used extensively while duckweed (L. minor), water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes), water lettuce (P. stratiotes) are the most common. Overall, chemometrics for performance assessment reported include: Growth rate (GR), Growth rate inhibition (% Inhibition), Metal uptake (MU), translocation/transfer factor (TF), bioconcentration factor (BCF), Percent metal uptake (% MU), Removal capacity (RC) and Tolerance index (TI) while absorption rate have been studied using the sorption kinetics and isotherms models such as pseudo-first-order (PFO), pseudo-second-order (PSO), Freundlich, Langmuir and Temkin. Using modeling and interpretation of adsorption isotherms for performance assessment is particularly good and increases level of accuracy obtained from adsorption processes of contaminant on plant. Conclusion was drawn by highlighting the gap in knowledge and suggesting key future areas of research for scientists and policymakers.

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“…The effect of plant uptake on ClO 4 isotopic compositions is not yet clear. Numerous soil and hydroponic exposure experiments (Sanchez et al, 2005;Seyfferth and Parker, 2007;Seyfferth et al, 2008 ab;Ha et al, 2011;Voogt and Jackson, 2010) assimilation, and diffusion) in plants can cause isotopic fractionation of carbon (Marshall et al, 2007;Farquhar et al, 1989;Schmidt et al, 2015) ( 13 C/ 12 C) and nitrogen ( 15 N/ 14 N) (Schmidt et al, 2015;Evans, 2001;Mariotti et al, 1981;Werner and Schmidt, 2002); likewise, intracellular processing of ClO 4 within plants may also affect ClO 4 isotopic compositions. There are conflicting published results concerning ClO 4 reduction in plants (Van Aken and Schnoor, 2002;Seyfferth et al, 2008b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stable isotopic composition of perchlorate and nitrate accumulated in plants: Hydroponic experiments and field data

Estrada

Böhlke

Sturchio

et al. 2017

Science of The Total Environment

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Natural perchlorate (ClO) in soil and groundwater exhibits a wide range in stable isotopic compositions (δCl, δO, and ΔO), indicating that ClO may be formed through more than one pathway and/or undergoes post-depositional isotopic alteration. Plants are known to accumulate ClO, but little is known about their ability to alter its isotopic composition. We examined the potential for plants to alter the isotopic composition of ClO in hydroponic and field experiments conducted with snap beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). In hydroponic studies, anion ratios indicated that ClO was transported from solutions into plants similarly to NO but preferentially to Cl (4-fold). The ClO isotopic compositions of initial ClO reagents, final growth solutions, and aqueous extracts from plant tissues were essentially indistinguishable, indicating no significant isotope effects during ClO uptake or accumulation. The ClO isotopic composition of field-grown snap beans was also consistent with that of ClO in varying proportions from irrigation water and precipitation. NO uptake had little or no effect on NO isotopic compositions in hydroponic solutions. However, a large fractionation effect with an apparent ε (N/O) ratio of 1.05 was observed between NO in hydroponic solutions and leaf extracts, consistent with partial NO reduction during assimilation within plant tissue. We also explored the feasibility of evaluating sources of ClO in commercial produce, as illustrated by spinach, for which the ClO isotopic composition was similar to that of indigenous natural ClO. Our results indicate that some types of plants can accumulate and (presumably) release ClO to soil and groundwater without altering its isotopic characteristics. Concentrations and isotopic compositions of ClO and NO in plants may be useful for determining sources of fertilizers and sources of ClO in their growth environments and consequently in food supplies.

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Perchlorate Uptake in Spinach As Related to Perchlorate, Nitrate, And Chloride Concentrations in Irrigation Water

Cited by 32 publications

References 31 publications

Predicting Perchlorate Uptake in Greenhouse Lettuce from Perchlorate, Nitrate, and Chloride Irrigation Water Concentrations

Predicting Perchlorate Uptake in Greenhouse Lettuce from Perchlorate, Nitrate, and Chloride Irrigation Water Concentrations

Phytoremediation of Polluted Waterbodies with Aquatic plants: Recent Progress on Heavy Metal and Organic Pollutants

Stable isotopic composition of perchlorate and nitrate accumulated in plants: Hydroponic experiments and field data

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