Stable isotopic composition of perchlorate and nitrate accumulated in plants: Hydroponic experiments and field data

Estrada, Nubia; Böhlke, John K.; Sturchio, Neil C.; Gu, Baohua; Harvey, G.; Burkey, Kent O.; Grantz, David A.; McGrath, M. T.; Anderson, Todd A.; Rao, Balaji; Sevanthi, Ritesh; Hatzinger, Paul B.; Jackson, W. Andrew

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.03.223

Cited by 14 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…In plants, significant enrichment in both 15 N and 18 O is observed in the NO3extracted from leaves after uptake relative to the NO3from water, but the changes in the NO3isotopic composition in the water are minor (Estrada et al, 2017;Spoelstra et al, 2010). Therefore, the NO3isotopic characterization of water samples collected at the CW might improve the understanding and support the evaluation of the performance of the remediation strategy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feasibility of using rural waste products to increase the denitrification efficiency in a surface flow constructed wetland

Margalef-Marti

Carrey

Merchán

et al. 2019

Journal of Hydrology

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A surface flow constructed wetland (CW) was set in the Lerma gully to decrease nitrate (NO3 -) pollution from agricultural runoff water. The water flow rate and NO3concentration were monitored at the inlet and the outlet, and sampling campaigns were performed which consisted of collecting six water samples along the CW flow line. After two years of operation, the NO3attenuation was limited at a flow rate of ~2.5 L/s and became negligible at ~5.5 L/s. The present work aimed to assess the feasibility of using rural waste products (wheat hay, corn stubble, and animal compost) to induce denitrification in the CW, to assess the effect of temperature on this process, and to trace the efficiency of the treatment by using isotopic tools. In the first stage, microcosm experiments were performed. Afterwards, the selected waste material was applied in the CW, and the treatment efficiency was evaluated by means of a chemical and isotopic characterization and using the isotopic fractionation (ε) values calculated from laboratory experiments to avoid field-scale interference. The microcosms results showed that the stubble was the most appropriate material for application in the CW, but the denitrification rate was found to decrease with temperature. In the CW, biostimulation in autumn-winter promoted NO3attenuation between two weeks and one month (a reduction in NO3between 1.2 and 1.5 mM was achieved). After the biostimulation in spring-summer, the attenuation was maintained for approximately three months (NO3reduction between 0.1 and 1.5 mM). The ε 15 NNO3/N2 and ε 18 ONO3/N2 values obtained from the laboratory experiments allowed to estimate the induced denitrification percentage. At an approximate average flow rate of 16 L/s, at least 60 % of NO3attenuation was achieved in the CW. The field samples exhibited a slope of 1.0 for δ 18 O-NO3versus δ 15 N-NO3 -, similar to those of the laboratory experiments (0.9-1.2). Plant uptake seemed to play a minor role in NO3attenuation in the CW. Hence, the application of stubble in the CW allowed the removal of large amounts of NO3from the Lerma gully, especially when applied during the warm months, but its efficacy was limited to a short time period (up to three months).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feasibility of using rural waste products to increase the denitrification efficiency in a surface flow constructed wetland

Margalef-Marti

Carrey

Merchán

et al. 2019

Journal of Hydrology

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“…In plants, variations of δ 18 O‐NO 3 − and δ 15 N‐NO 3 − are mainly influenced by NO 3 − reduction (NR) into NH 4 + in the protein‐making process (Tcherkez & Farquhar, ). Laboratory and hydroponic experiments on NR‐induced isotopic fractionation showed that δ 18 O‐NO 3 − and δ 15 N‐NO 3 − co‐vary along a 1 : 1 slope (Karsh et al ., ; Estrada et al ., ). These findings were supported by the only field analysis of NR fractionation, where a slope of 1.27 was found between δ 18 O‐NO 3 − and δ 15 N‐NO 3 − in tree roots (Liu et al ., ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Foliar uptake of atmospheric nitrate by two dominant subalpine plants: insights from in situ triple‐isotope analysis

et al. 2019

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The significance of foliar uptake of nitrogen (N) compounds in natural conditions is not well understood, despite growing evidence of its importance to plant nutrition. In subalpine meadows, N-limitation fosters the dominance of specific subalpine plant species, which in turn ensures the provision of essential ecosystems services. Understanding how these plants absorb N and from which sources is important in predicting ecological consequences of increasing N deposition.Here, we investigate the sources of N to plants from subalpine meadows with distinct landuse history in the French Alps, using the triple isotopes (D 17 O, d 18 O, and d 15 N) of plant tissue nitrate (NO 3 À ). We use this approach to evaluate the significance of foliar uptake of atmospheric NO 3 À (NO 3 À atm ). The foliar uptake of NO 3 À atm accounted for 4-16% of the leaf NO 3 À content, and contributed more to the leaf NO 3 À pool after peak biomass. Additionally, the gradual 15 N enrichment of NO 3 À from the soil to the leaves reflected the contribution of NO 3 À atm assimilation to plants' metabolism.The present study confirms that foliar uptake is a potentially important pathway for NO 3 À atm into subalpine plants. This is of major significance as N emissions (and deposition) are predicted to increase globally in the future.

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“…Biochemical processes such as denitrification or assimilation have also been shown in laboratory experiments to distinguishably enrich residual NO in heavier isotopes, here 15 N and 18 O (Granger et al, 2004(Granger et al, , 2010Treibergs and Granger, 2017), although this enrichment can be diluted by newly nitrified NO 3 with low N and O isotopic values (Granger and Wankel, 2016;Mayer et al, 2002). Environmental studies also reported characteristic NO 3 isotopic enrichment for denitrification (Clément et al, 2003;Fang et al, 2015;Wexler et al, 2014), assimilation (Emmerton et al, 2001;Estrada et al, 2017;X.-Y. Liu et al, 2013) or photolysis (Frey et al, 2009;Shi et al, 2015;Ye et al, 2016).…”

Section: No 3 Sources Apportionmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atmospheric nitrate export in streams along a montane to urban gradient

Bourgeois

Savarino²,

Némery³

et al. 2018

Science of The Total Environment

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Nitrogen (N) emissions associated with urbanization exacerbate the atmospheric N influx to remote ecosystems - like mountains -, leading to well-documented detrimental effects on ecosystems (e.g., soil acidification, pollution of freshwaters). Here, the importance and fate of N deposition in a watershed was evaluated along a montane to urban gradient, using a multi-isotopic tracers approach (ΔO, δN, δO of nitrate, δH and δO of water). In this setting, the montane streams had higher proportions of atmospheric nitrate compared to urban streams, and exported more atmospheric nitrate on a yearly basis (0.35 vs 0.10 kg-Nhayr). In urban areas, nitrate exports were driven by groundwater, whereas in the catchment head nitrate exports were dominated by surface runoff. The main sources of nitrate to the montane streams were microbial nitrification and atmospheric deposition, whereas microbial nitrification and sewage leakage contributed most to urban streams. Based on the measurement of δN and δO-NO, biological processes such as denitrification or N assimilation were not predominant in any streams in this study. The observed low δN and δO range of terrestrial nitrate (i.e., nitrate not coming from atmospheric deposition) in surface water compared to literature suggests that atmospheric deposition may be underestimated as a direct source of N.

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Stable isotopic composition of perchlorate and nitrate accumulated in plants: Hydroponic experiments and field data

Cited by 14 publications

References 57 publications

Feasibility of using rural waste products to increase the denitrification efficiency in a surface flow constructed wetland

Feasibility of using rural waste products to increase the denitrification efficiency in a surface flow constructed wetland

Foliar uptake of atmospheric nitrate by two dominant subalpine plants: insights from in situ triple‐isotope analysis

Atmospheric nitrate export in streams along a montane to urban gradient

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