Perceptual space asymmetry above and below the eye level reveals ground superiority in the reduced cue environment

Shi, Pan; Ooi, Teng Leng; He, Zijiang J.

doi:10.1167/12.9.914

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Wu et al, 2006, in press), and in the full cue environment (Ooi & He, 2006). A similar finding is obtained using the modified blind walking–gesturing task, wherein the observer used a rod to point to the perceived target location (Giudice et al, 2013; Zhou et al, 2012). It should be emphasized that in the afore-mentioned studies, the judged angular declination was derived from action-based tasks that required the observers to judge the target’s location.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 72%

“…The intrinsic bias possibly originates from one's past experience with the statistical properties of the natural scenes, where humans and animate and inanimate objects are either directly, or indirectly, supported by the ground (Gibson, 1979;McCarley & He, 2000;Sedgwick, 1986). Consequently, when the ground is not visible, the visual system capitalizes on the intrinsic bias to act as a reference frame for an "educated" guess of the target's location (Ooi et al, 2001;Yang & Purves, 2003;Zhou, Shi, Ooi, & He, 2012). The utility of the intrinsic bias may extend beyond scene Distances are underestimated with both the test and catch targets.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The visual system’s intrinsic bias and knowledge of size mediate perceived size and location in the dark.

Ooi

2013

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cogni

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Dimly lit targets in the dark are perceived as located about an implicit slanted surface that delineates the visual system's intrinsic bias (Ooi, Wu, & He, 2001). If the intrinsic bias reflects our internal model of visual space – as proposed here – its influence should extend beyond target localization. Our first two experiments demonstrated that the intrinsic bias also influences perceived target size. We employed a size-matching task and an action task to measure the perceived size of a dimly lit target at various locations in the dark. Then using the size distance invariance hypothesis along with the accurately perceived target angular declination, we converted the perceived sizes to locations. We found that the derived locations from the size judgment tasks can be fitted by slanted curves that resemble the intrinsic bias profile from judged target locations. Our third experiment revealed that armed with the explicit knowledge of target size, perceived target locations in the dark follow an intrinsic bias-like profile that is slightly shifted farther from the observer than the profile obtained without knowledge of target size, i.e., slightly more veridical. Altogether, we showed that the intrinsic bias serves as an internal model, or memory, of ground surface layouts when the visual system cannot rely on external depth information. This memory/model can also be weakly influenced by top-down knowledge.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 72%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The visual system’s intrinsic bias and knowledge of size mediate perceived size and location in the dark.

Ooi

2013

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cogni

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“…Further supporting the theory, we now show that, in the real world setting, the configuration of the ground surface can influence distance perception of an object suspended in midair. Therefore, the role of the ground surface as a reference frame is not limited to the ground itself and to those surfaces having nested contact relationships to the ground, but extends also to the empty space beyond the ground (Bian et al, 2006; Madison et al, 2001; Meng & Sedgwick, 2001, 2002; Ni et al, 2004, 2007; Zhou et al, 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The visible ground surface as a reference frame for scaling binocular depth of a target in midair.

Wu¹,

Shi

He³

et al. 2015

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Perfor

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The natural ground surface carries texture information that extends continuously from one’s feet to the horizon, providing a rich depth resource for accurately locating an object resting on it. Here, we showed that the ground surface’s role as a reference frame also aids in locating a target suspended in midair based on relative binocular disparity. Using real world setup in our experiments, we first found that a suspended target is more accurately localized when the ground surface is visible and the observer views the scene binocularly. In addition, the increased accuracy occurs only when the scene is viewed for 5 sec rather than 0.15 sec, suggesting that the binocular depth process takes time. Second, we found that manipulation of the configurations of the texture-gradient and/or linear-perspective cues on the visible ground surface affects the perceived distance of the suspended target in midair. Third, we found that a suspended target is more accurately localized against a ground texture surface than a ceiling texture surface. This suggests that our visual system usesthe ground surface as the preferred reference frame to scale the distance of a suspended target according to its relative binocular disparity.

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“…The research data were analyzed to summarize the physical properties of the building materials and deconstruct them into the physical independent variables needed to build the experimental scenes. According to the surface dominance theory of visual perception, the visual system can more effectively represent the visual space below the high horizontal line of the eye [28]. People also locate objects more accurately in space below eye level than in space above.…”

Section: Independent Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research on the Material and Spatial Psychological Perception of the Side Interface of an Underground Street Based on Virtual Reality

et al. 2022

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In the context of the rapid development of the construction of urban underground spaces in China, people’s demands for the quality of these spaces have become increasingly prominent. As an important part of underground spaces, the different materials used in underground street interfaces give rise to different spatial experiences, which are important for creating a comfortable underground space atmosphere. However, current research on the perception of underground street spaces lacks an exploration of the influence of materials, and most research on materials focuses on the interface design of above-ground commercial streets. In this study, material characteristics were extracted as independent variables, 17 scenes were orthogonalized, and the efficient simulation characteristics of VR were used to build a scene model for the experiment. Participants’ evaluations of the scenes were measured during the experiment, and conclusions were drawn through scene ranking and one-way ANOVA. The results showed that the use of white, high-finish materials with non-directional textures and low bumpiness for the side interface was more in line with the participants’ preferences. This study provides new ideas for the design of high-quality underground commercial streets.

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Perceptual space asymmetry above and below the eye level reveals ground superiority in the reduced cue environment

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

The visual system’s intrinsic bias and knowledge of size mediate perceived size and location in the dark.

The visual system’s intrinsic bias and knowledge of size mediate perceived size and location in the dark.

The visible ground surface as a reference frame for scaling binocular depth of a target in midair.

Research on the Material and Spatial Psychological Perception of the Side Interface of an Underground Street Based on Virtual Reality

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