Perception of uncontrolled blood pressure and non-adherence to anti-hypertensive agents in diabetic hypertensive patients

Effect of characteristics of pharmacotherapy on non-adherence in chronic cardiovascular disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies

“…The median sample size for all surveyed studies was 885 participants (range 109‐7425), with a total of 27 441 participants included in this review. Eleven studies were based in North America, 7 in Asia, 5 in South America, 4 in Europe, 2 in Africa, and 3 were conducted in multiple countries . The most common condition studied was Hypertension (n = 27).…”

“…The studies reported the outcomes in 4 ways: overall non‐adherence to medication (n = 10), non‐adherence to individual classes of medications (n = 11), overall adherence to medication (n = 8) and adherence to individual classes of medications (n = 2) . Prevalence of overall non‐adherence to medication ranged from 8.2 to 74.9%; whereas non‐adherence to individual classes of medication ranged from 4.0 to 75.8%; overall adherence to medication ranged from 21.2 to 78%; and adherence to individual classes of medication ranged from 15.0 to 77.4%.…”

“…Twelve articles used the MMAS‐4 as the instrument to measure adherence to medicines, 8 articles used the MMAS‐8, 8 articles used an instrument elaborated by the author and 3 used other instruments in their evaluations . Although most of the studies (n = 23) used validated instruments, cut‐off scores and mechanisms to score, the answers “yes” and “no” varied among studies.…”

“…Although most of the studies (n = 23) used validated instruments, cut‐off scores and mechanisms to score, the answers “yes” and “no” varied among studies. Among the studies that used the MMAS‐4: 7 categorised as non‐adherence if score ≥1 (1 point for each “yes”); 2 studies categorised as non‐adherence if score <3 (1 point for each “no”); and 2 studies considered non‐adherence if score ≤3 (1 point for each “no”) . Among studies that used the MMAS‐8: 6 considered low adherence if score <6 (1 point for each “no”); and 2 studies considered low adherence if score ≤6 (1 point for each “no”) .…”

“…Most studies (65%) evaluated at least 1 characteristic of medication regimen, the most evaluated was number total of medication (n = 13). Eight studies evaluated at least 1 medication class . Beta‐blocker was the most frequent medication class evaluated (n = 6).…”