Perception of translational heading from optical flow.

Warren, William H.; Morris, Michael W.; Kalish, Michael L.

doi:10.1037/0096-1523.14.4.646

Cited by 370 publications

(302 citation statements)

References 77 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

275

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…A series of experiments by Warren and his colleagues (Warren & Hannon, 1988Warren, Morris & Kalish, 1988) measured the accuracy with which observers can judge their heading direction in computer displays that simulate movement toward a planar surface or 3-D cloud of random dots. The first experiments simulated movement along a ground plane extending to a visible horizon.…”

Section: The Perception Of Observer Translationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recovering heading for visually-guided navigation

Hildreth

1992

Vision Research

119

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We presep~t a model for recovering the direction of heading of an observer who is moving relative to a scene that may contain self-moving objects. The model builds upon an algorithm proposed by Rieger and Lawton (1985), which is based cn earlier work by Longuet-Higgins and Prazdny (198i). The algorithm uses velocity differences computed in regions of high depth variation to estimate the location of the focus of ezpan3ion, which indicates the observer's heading direction. We relate the behavior of the proposed model to psychophysical observations regarding the ability of human observers to judge their heading direction, and show how the model can cope with selfmoving objects in the environment. We also discuss this model in the broader context of a navigational system that performs tasks requiring rapid sensing and response through the interaction of simple task-specific routines.@Massachusetts Institute of Technology" (1991)

show abstract

Section: The Perception Of Observer Translationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recovering heading for visually-guided navigation

Hildreth

1992

Vision Research

119

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Under laboratory conditions, humans can accurately perceive the direction of translational heading with respect to a stationary object on the basis of simulated optic flow (Warren, Morris & Kalish, 1988). The accuracy of heading perception varies across the visual field and is most accurate when the focus of expansion is near the fovea and when the optic flow stimulus covers the central part of the visual field (Warren & Kurtz, 1992;Crowell & Banks, 1993;Atchley & Andersen, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A neural model of visually guided steering, obstacle avoidance, and route selection.

Elder¹,

Grossberg²,

Mingolla³

2009

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Perfor

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A neural model is developed to explain how humans can approach a goal object on foot while steering around obstacles to avoid collisions in a cluttered environment. The model uses optic flow from a 3D virtual reality environment to determine the position of objects based on motion discontinuities, and computes heading direction, or the direction of self-motion, from global optic flow. The cortical representation of heading interacts with the representations of a goal and obstacles such that the goal acts as an attractor of heading, while obstacles act as repellers. In addition the model maintains fixation on the goal object by generating smooth pursuit eye movements. Eye rotations can distort the optic flow field, complicating heading perception, and the model uses extraretinal signals to correct for this distortion and accurately represent heading. The model explains how motion processing mechanisms in cortical areas MT, MST, and VIP can be used to guide steering. The model quantitatively simulates human psychophysical data about visually-guided steering, obstacle avoidance, and route selection.Key Words: Heading Perception, Steering, Optic Flow, Obstacle, Goal, Pursuit Eye Movement, Gain Fields, Peak Shift, V2, MT, MST, VIP, LIP 3 IntroductionMany important steering tasks are guided by visual information, including walking through a cluttered environment (Fajen & Warren, 2003), driving (Land & Horwood, 1995;Hildreth, Beusmans, Boer, & Royden, 2000;Wallis, Chatziastros, & Bülthoff, 2002), vehicle braking (Lee, 1976, piloting an aircraft (Gibson, Olum, & Rosenblatt, 1955;Beall & Loomis, 1997), and intercepting a moving target on foot (Fajen & Warren, 2004). Steering through a cluttered environment involves the selection of a path that avoids obstacles and simultaneously approaches the intended goal. Human steering is guided by visual information about the spatial layout of the environment and the direction of self-motion through the environment, as well as proprioceptive feedback and information from other sensory systems. In particular, the visual system provides information about the relative positions of the goal object and obstacles in the environment.Movement through the world creates a full-field pattern of motion on the retina, called optic flow, which contains information about the direction of self-motion, or heading (Gibson, 1950). In principle, optic flow can be used to compute heading (Longuet-Higgins & Prazdny, 1980). During translational movement of the eye, the optic flow field contains a singularity, called the focus of expansion, which specifies the direction of heading in the absence of an eye rotation.Figures 1 & 2 Whereas optic flow relates observer motion to the available visual stimuli, recent research clarifies how visual information governs the dynamics of human navigational behavior. Fajen and Warren (2003) studied the dynamics of human steering behavior in simple goal approach and obstacle avoidance tasks using an immersive virtual reality system. They found that human performa...

show abstract

“…A major visual stimulus for self-motion perception is optic flow or the temporal change in the pattern of light intensities at the moving point of observation (Gibson, 1966;Warren, Morris, & Kalish, 1988). Gradients ofoptical velocity contain several potential sources of information about observer motion through three-dimensional space (Gibson, Olum, & Rosenblatt, 1955).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Perceiving self-motion in depth: The role of stereoscopic motion and changing-size cues

Palmisano

1996

Perception & Psychophysics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

During self-motions, different patterns of optic flow are presented to the left and right eyes. Previous research has, however, focused mainly on the self-motion information contained in a single pattern of optic flow. The present experiments investigated the role that binocular disparity plays in the visual perception of self-motion, showing that the addition of stereoscopic cues to optic flow significantly improves forward linear vection in central vision. Improvements were also achieved by adding changingsize cues to sparse (but not dense) flow patterns. These findings showed that assumptions in the heading literature that stereoscopic cues facilitate self-motion only when the optic flow has ambiguous depth ordering do not apply to vection. Rather, it was concluded that both stereoscopic and changingsize cues provide additional motion-in-depth information that is used in perceiving self-motion.

show abstract

Perception of translational heading from optical flow.

Cited by 370 publications

References 77 publications

Recovering heading for visually-guided navigation

Recovering heading for visually-guided navigation

A neural model of visually guided steering, obstacle avoidance, and route selection.

Perceiving self-motion in depth: The role of stereoscopic motion and changing-size cues

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About