Percent Black and Lynching: A Test of Blalock's Theory

Reed, John Shelton

doi:10.2307/2577039

Cited by 36 publications

(36 citation statements)

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“…Reed 1972;Brown and Fuguitt 1972;Erisbie and Neidert 1977;Beck and Tolnay 1990), a number of studies of gender composition have also yielded supportive findings. For example, using data from six departments in a federal agency.…”

Section: Competition Theorymentioning

confidence: 92%

The Effects of Gender Composition in Academic Departments on Faculty Turnover

Tolbert¹,

Simons²,

Andrews³

et al. 1995

ILR Review

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Using data collected from a sample of 50 academic departments over the years 1977–88, the authors test several hypotheses about the effects of departmental gender composition on faculty turnover. They find that as the proportion of women in a department grew, turnover among women also increased, confirming the prediction that increases in the relative size of a minority will result in increased intergroup competition and conflict. The evidence also suggests, however, that when the proportion of female faculty reached a threshold of about 35–40%, turnover among women began to decline. The proportion of women had a negligible or negative impact on turnover among male faculty. The authors discuss the implications of this research for the implementation of affirmative action policies.

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Section: Competition Theorymentioning

confidence: 92%

The Effects of Gender Composition in Academic Departments on Faculty Turnover

Tolbert¹,

Simons²,

Andrews³

et al. 1995

ILR Review

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“…According to many scholars, whites often used lynchings to control ex-slaves and to ensure that they did not forget their subordinate place in a racial caste system (Ayers 1984;Dollard 1957;Tolnay and Beck 1996). Yet although many historians (particularly Ayers 1984;Brown 1969;and Woodward 1966) and some sociologists (Corzine, Corzine, and Creech 1988;Corzine, Creech, and Corzine 1983;Olzak 1990;Reed 1972;Soule 1992;Tolnay and Beck 1996) have assessed the determinants of lynchings, few have studied the legal consequences of this mass violence.…”

Section: T Th He Eo or Ry Ymentioning

confidence: 99%

Vigilantism, Current Racial Threat, and Death Sentences

2005

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Capital punishment is the most severe punishment, yet little is known about the social conditions that lead to death sentences. Racial threat explanations imply that this sanction will be imposed more often in jurisdictions with larger minority populations, but some scholars suggest that a tradition of vigilante violence leads to increased death sentences. This study tests the combined explanatory power of both accounts by assessing statistical interactions between past lynchings and the recent percentage of African Americans after political conditions and other plausible effects are held constant. Findings from count models based on different samples, data, and estimators suggest that racial threat and lynchings combine to produce increased death sentences, but the presence of liberal political values explains the absence of death sentences. These findings both confirm and refine the political version of conflict theory because they suggest that the effects of current racial threat and past vigilantism largely directed against newly freed slaves jointly contribute to current lethal but legal reactions to racial threat.

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“…An index of lynching rate has sometimes been shown to increase as a function of the proportion of African Americans in county populations (Corzine et al, 1983;Reed, 1972). Corzine et al (1983) noted that this pattern was especially pronounced in the so-called Deep South.…”

Section: The Power Threat Hypothesismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Corzine et al (1983) noted that this pattern was especially pronounced in the so-called Deep South. However, Tolnay et al (1989a) raised several criticisms about the inclusion or exclusion of data for specific counties in these analyses and serious concerns about the use of Reed's (1972) index of lynching rates. These concerns led Tolnay et al (1989b) to conclude that alternative methods for measuring the intensity of lynching, and describing its relation with minority concentration, are now required.…”

Section: The Power Threat Hypothesismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One exception to this procedure was one report that failed to mention any city but did mention the county and state in which the lynching occurred. Then, similar to Corzine et al (1983), Reed (1972), and Tolnay et al (1989a), the percentage of the county population that was African American during the year in which the lynching occurred was derived from U.S. Census reports. Population concentration was calculated as follows:…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Without Mercy: The Immediate Impact of Group Size on Lynch Mob Atrocity

Leader

Mullen

Abrams

2007

Pers Soc Psychol Bull

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Two independent research traditions have focused on social contributions to lynching. The sociological power threat hypothesis has argued that lynching atrocity will increase as a function of the relative number of African Americans. The psychological self-attention theory has argued that lynching atrocity will increase as a function of the relative number of mob members. Two series of analyses (one using newspaper reports and the second using photographic records) using different and nonoverlapping samples of lynching events rendered a consistent pattern of results: Lynch mob atrocity did not increase as a function of the relative numbers of African Americans in the county population but it did increase as a function of the relative numbers of mob members in the lynch mob. Discussion considers the implications of these results.

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Percent Black and Lynching: A Test of Blalock's Theory

Cited by 36 publications

References 0 publications

The Effects of Gender Composition in Academic Departments on Faculty Turnover

The Effects of Gender Composition in Academic Departments on Faculty Turnover

Vigilantism, Current Racial Threat, and Death Sentences

Without Mercy: The Immediate Impact of Group Size on Lynch Mob Atrocity

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