Perceived Mental Illness Stigma Among Youth in Psychiatric Outpatient Treatment

Elkington, Katherine S.; Hackler, Dusty; McKinnon, Karen; Borges, Cristiane Jackson; Wright, Eric R.; Wainberg, Milton L.

doi:10.1177/0743558411409931

Cited by 58 publications

(98 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Limited experiences of stigma may also be a function of the youth's age as their constricted social experiences may have restricted opportunities for stigma experiences. 24 Alternatively, this younger generation, living in the United States may experience less HIV/AIDS-related stigma as they and their peers have not seen the wasting and imminent death that was experienced early in the epidemic or in countries with limited access to treatment. It is also possible that youth in this study were too young to understand/conceptualize HIV-related stigma.…”

Section: Disclosure Statusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…23 Similar to youth with other stigmatized illness (e.g., epilepsy, psychiatric disorders), youth whose HIV status becomes public may experience or perceive discrimination and rejection from others, and subsequently withdraw. [24][25][26] Even youth who have not told others about their HIV status may experience internalized stigma in the form of shame, self-blame, and stress related to hiding a potentially damaging ''secret'' from others as they engage with the negative evaluations of what it means to be HIVþ found within their immediate and broader social context. 27 Although numerous studies have explored stigma experiences among adults living with HIV, [20][21][22] stigma experiences of PHIVþ youth are not well understood.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Psychosocial Implications of HIV Serostatus Disclosure to Youth with Perinatally Acquired HIV

Santamaria

Dolezal²,

Marhefka³

et al. 2011

AIDS Patient Care and STDs

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Recommendations suggest that older children and adolescents perinatally infected with HIV (PHIVþ) be informed of their HIV diagnosis; however, delayed disclosure is commonly reported. This study examined the prevalence and timing of HIV disclosure to PHIVþ adolescents and the associations between the timing of disclosure and psychological functioning and other behavioral outcomes. Recruitment took place at four medical centers in New York City between December 2003 and December 2008. This sample included data from 196 PHIVþ youth and their caregivers: 50% of youth were male, 58% African American, 42% Hispanic, with a mean age of 12.71 years. According to caregiver reports, 70% of the PHIVþ youth knew their HIV diagnosis. Youths who had been told were more likely to be older; youths with a Spanish-speaking Latino caregiver and whose caregivers had a grade school education were told at an older age. Youths who had been told their HIV status were significantly less anxious than those who had not been told; there were no other differences in psychological functioning. Youths who knew their status for longer reported higher intentions to self-disclose to potential sex partners. In multivariate analyses only demographic differences associated with timing of disclosure remained. In summary, PHIVþ youth who had been told their HIV status did not show an increase of psychological problems and were more likely to have intentions to self-disclose to sexual partners. Yet, almost one third was entering puberty without important information regarding their illness. Caregivers need support to address factors impeding HIV disclosure.

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Section: Disclosure Statusmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychosocial Implications of HIV Serostatus Disclosure to Youth with Perinatally Acquired HIV

Santamaria

Dolezal²,

Marhefka³

et al. 2011

AIDS Patient Care and STDs

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…According to Gonzales and colleagues (3), a greater readiness to engage in treatment will improve short-term adherence, and adherence is improved when the patient understands the potential benefits of treatment. However, a young person with mental illness may experience individual discrimination or rejection in their social environment (46). It has been found that increases and decreases in depressed symptoms immediately after treatment changes are related to patient expectations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors that Affect Adolescent Adherence to Mental Health and Psychiatric Treatment: a Systematic Integrative Review of the Literature

Timlin

Hakko

Heino

et al. 2014

Scandinavian Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology

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Background: Although adherence to somatic treatment has been studied extensively, adherence to mental health treatment has not. In this study, the term treatment adherence is used to refer to adherence to medication regimes and other non-pharmacological recommended treatments as part of mental health and psychiatric care. Knowledge of factors connected to adolescents' adherence to such treatment is fairly fragmented. Although treatment staff members are broadly aware of the factors that influence adherence, it would be desirable to develop formalized treatment assessment and planning approaches that specifically take these factors into account. Objective: The purpose of this article is to review the available data related to factors that affect adolescents' adherence to both medication and non-pharmacological treatments in mental health and psychiatric care. Methods: A systematic literature search that involved four databases was undertaken. A thematic analysis was conducted on 17 studies to extract relevant information. Results: It appears that an adolescent's own positive beliefs toward his or her treatment are the main factor that improves his or her adherence to that treatment. Good cohesion with close supportive people appears to be positively related to adherence, whereas sociodemographic characteristics (e.g., race, gender) were not related. Conclusions: By identifying the factors related to the treatment adherence of adolescents, this review article can provide guidance to help improve the quality of care and thus further increase adolescents' satisfaction with their mental health and psychiatric treatment.

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“…The difficulty of these tasks may be compounded for youth receiving psychiatric treatment who have been “labeled” as mentally ill and who are particularly susceptible to the negative evaluation from peers or others in their environment (Elkington et al, 2012; Moses, 2010a, 2010b). The effects of MI stigma may have considerable ramifications for an individual’s developing identity (Rappaport & Chubinsky, 2000), and may impose challenges to developing a healthy self-concept, engaging in romantic and intimate relationships, and practicing safer sex behaviors.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Perceived Mental Illness Stigma, Intimate Relationships, and Sexual Risk Behavior in Youth With Mental Illness

Elkington

Hackler

Walsh

et al. 2012

Journal of Adolescent Research

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The current study examines the role of mental illness-related stigma on romantic or sexual relationships and sexual behavior among youth with mental illness (MI), including youths’ experiences of stigma, the internalization of these experiences, and the behavior associated with managing stigma within romantic and sexual relationships. We conducted in-depth interviews with N=20 youth with mental illness (MI) (55% male, 16-24 years, 75% Latino) from 4 psychiatric outpatient clinics in New York City. We conducted a thematic analysis to investigate shared experiences of MI stigma and its impact on youth’s sexual or romantic relationships and associated behaviors. Our analysis revealed four main themes: 1) societal perceptions of those with MI as partners (societal stigma); 2) individual experiences of stigma within relationships (individual level); 3) internalized stigma of self as a partner (social-psychological processes); and 4) managing a stigmatized identity, of which some of the behaviors directly placed them at increased risk for HIV. We found that just under half of the sample (n=9/20) endorsed all themes, including engaging in HIV/STI sexual risk behaviors as a method to manage a stigmatize identity, which suggests that MI stigma and sexual risk may be linked. We discuss differences by gender and diagnosis. Findings provide new information for providers and researchers to address on the role of stigma experiences in the romantic and sexual behavior of youth in psychiatric treatment. Implications for stigma and HIV/STI prevention interventions are discussed.

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Perceived Mental Illness Stigma Among Youth in Psychiatric Outpatient Treatment

Cited by 58 publications

References 40 publications

Psychosocial Implications of HIV Serostatus Disclosure to Youth with Perinatally Acquired HIV

Psychosocial Implications of HIV Serostatus Disclosure to Youth with Perinatally Acquired HIV

Factors that Affect Adolescent Adherence to Mental Health and Psychiatric Treatment: a Systematic Integrative Review of the Literature

Perceived Mental Illness Stigma, Intimate Relationships, and Sexual Risk Behavior in Youth With Mental Illness

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