Perceived dominance and emotional states in small groups.

Attention modulations on the perception of social hierarchy at distinct temporal stages: An electrophysiological investigation

“…For instance, inferior-hierarchy individuals tend to be more fearful than superior-hierarchy individuals (Plutchik and Landau, 1973). Furthermore, social hierarchy information can also preclude empathic feelings to superior-hierarchy targets, such that individuals reported stronger schadenfreude feelings in response to misfortune of those higher in the hierarchy (Takahashi et al, 2009).…”

The implications of leader transparency for the dynamics of short-term process groups

“…Group Estimate of Dominance. Group members were given a diagram of a ladder and were asked to imagine that the ladder represented the dominance relationships among the members of their group and to indicate each group member's (self included, leader excluded) position on the ladder (Plutchik & Landau, 1973 …”

Dominance and personality in short-term process groups

“…Group Estimate of Dominance. Group members, givena diagram of a ladder, were asked to imagine that the ladder represented the dominance relationships among the people in their group and to indicate each group member's position on the ladder (Plutchik & Landau, 1973 …”