Perceived Depth of 3-D Objects in 3-D Scenes

Sauer, Craig; Saidpour, Asad; Braunstein, Myron L.; Andersen, George J.

doi:10.1068/p3087

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The present study also showed that observers overestimated depth less with increasing physical depth. This latter finding is consistent with results reported by Sauer [2001] and confirms the conclusion of Gilinsky [1951] that perceived distance is a nonlinear function of physical distance. As shown in Figure 6, we found that the perceived depth is farther away from the stereoscopically presented depth at larger depth on both the stereoscope and the 3D TV.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Depth of Field Affects Perceived Depth in Stereographs

Zhang

O’Hare

Hibbard

et al. 2014

ACM Trans. Appl. Percept.

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Although it has been reported that depth of field influences depth perception in nonstereo photographs, it remains unclear how depth of field affects depth perception under stereo viewing conditions. We showed participants stereo photographs with different depths of field using a Wheatstone stereoscope and a commercially available 3D TV. The depicted scene contained a floor, a background, and a measuring probe at different locations. Participants drew a floor plan of the depicted scene to scale. We found that perceived depth decreased with decreasing depth of field for shallow depths of field in scenes containing a heightin-the-field cue. For larger depths of field, different effects were found depending on the display system and the viewing distance. There was no effect on perceived depth using the 3D TV, but perceived depth decreased with increasing depth of field using the Wheatstone stereoscope. However, in the 3D TV case, we found that the perceived depth decreased with increasing depth of field in scenes in which the height-in-the-field cue was removed. This indicates that the effect of depth of field on perceived depth may be influenced by other depth cues in the scene, such as height-in-the-field cues.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Depth of Field Affects Perceived Depth in Stereographs

Zhang

O’Hare

Hibbard

et al. 2014

ACM Trans. Appl. Percept.

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“…In order to vary the velocity difference and velocity ratio independently, while keeping the simulated size and distance of the object constant, it was necessary to display objects that were both rotating and translating. To provide a context for the objects, and comparability to previous research (Sauer et al 2001), we embedded the objects in a scene consisting of a ground plane and a ceiling plane, with poles connecting the objects to these planes (see figure 1).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Perceived Internal Depth in Rotating and Translating Objects

et al. 2002

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Previous research has indicated that observers use differences between velocities and ratios of velocities to judge the depth within a moving object, although depth cannot in general be determined from these quantities. In four experiments we examined the relative effects of velocity difference and velocity ratio on judged depth within a transparent object that was rotating about a vertical axis and translating horizontally, examined the effects of the velocity difference for pure rotations and pure translations, and examined the effect of the velocity difference for objects that varied in simulated internal depth. Both the velocity difference and the velocity ratio affected judged depth, with difference having the larger effect. The effect of velocity difference was greater for pure rotations than for pure translations. Simulated depth did not affect judged depth unless there was a corresponding change in the projected width of the object. Observers appear to use the velocity difference, the velocity ratio, and the projected width of the object heuristically to judge internal object depth, rather than using image information from which relative depth could potentially be recovered.

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“…In one word, eye-to-object distances have little value in shape perception when the viewing distances are large relative to the object depths. [11] As a matter of fact, this kind of optical illusion could also be found in our real world (see Fig. 3).…”

Section: Fig2 An Example House In Lod3 and Its Exterior Shellmentioning

confidence: 93%

Shell model representation as a substitute of LoD3 for 3D modeling in CityGML

Fan

Mao²,

Shen

et al. 2011

Geo-spatial Information Science

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The OGC standard for 3D city modeling is widely used in an increasing number of applications. It defines five consecutive Levels of Detail (LoD0 to LoD4 with increasing accuracy and structural complexity), in which LoD3 includes all exterior appearances and geometrical details and subsequently requires much storage space. A new LoD is introduced as shell model with the exterior shell of the LoD3 model and the opening objects like windows, doors as well as smaller façade objects are projected onto walls. In this paper, a user survey is presented. The results of this survey show that the shell model can give users almost the same visual impression as the LoD3 model. Furthermroe, algorithms are developed to extract the shell model from LoD3 model. Experiments show that this shell model can reduce up to 90% storage of the original LoD3 model. Therefore, on one hand it can be used as a substitute for a LoD3 model for the visualization on small displays. On the other hand, it can be treated as a sub-level of detail (SLoD3) in CityGML, since it retains almost the same amount of information but requires much less storage space.

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Perceived Depth of 3-D Objects in 3-D Scenes

Cited by 6 publications

References 21 publications

Depth of Field Affects Perceived Depth in Stereographs

Depth of Field Affects Perceived Depth in Stereographs

Perceived Internal Depth in Rotating and Translating Objects

Shell model representation as a substitute of LoD3 for 3D modeling in CityGML

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