Perceived Internal Depth in Rotating and Translating Objects

Braunstein, Myron L.; Sauer, Craig; Feria, Cary S; Andersen, George J.

doi:10.1068/p3294

Cited by 4 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 17 publications

(24 reference statements)

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“…One possibility is that when v av 1 was combined with pictorial cues like h 2 ah 1 and relative size, the effects of the pictorial cues on relative-distance judgment were so strong that v 2 av 1 was not influential. In fact, previous research showed that the effect of motion parallax was limited to judgments about relative distance when motion and size cues were given at the same time (Gogel and Tietz 1980;Braunstein et al 2002;Tozawa and Oyama 2006). For example, Braunstein et al (2002) showed that, when the stimulus size was changed in combination with a motion cue, the effect of the motion disappeared (in their experiment 3).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…In fact, previous research showed that the effect of motion parallax was limited to judgments about relative distance when motion and size cues were given at the same time (Gogel and Tietz 1980;Braunstein et al 2002;Tozawa and Oyama 2006). For example, Braunstein et al (2002) showed that, when the stimulus size was changed in combination with a motion cue, the effect of the motion disappeared (in their experiment 3). Thus, when pictorial cues were limited in the present study, v 2 av 1 could have played a role influencing the judgment of relative distance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…the relative distance (eg Domini and Braunstein 1998;Braunstein et al 2002;Tozawa and Oyama 2006). In the present study, when the observer is asked to judge the relative distance, if the observer uses v 2 av 1 as a cue, then the comparison stimulus would be judged to be nearer than the standard stimulus.…”

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confidence: 80%

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Speed Constancy and the Perception of Distance

Tozawa

2008

Perception

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The distance-calibration hypothesis states that retinal velocity is scaled by using distance cues, and judged velocity remains unchanged when distance is changed. The relational hypothesis states that judged velocity depends on retinal velocities, and is proportional to judged distance. These hypotheses were compared in three experiments where the movements of the standard stimulus and the comparison stimulus were manipulated by the ratio of the angular velocity of the comparison stimulus to the angular velocity of the standard stimulus. The presentation conditions of the standard stimulus and the comparison stimulus, and the colour cues of the two stimuli were also manipulated in order to change the strength of the cues available to the observers. The results indicate that judged velocities and the relationship of judged distance and velocity depend on the strength of the cues. When cues are strong, the distance-calibration hypothesis adequately explains speed constancy. When cues are weak, judged velocity and the relationship between judged distance and velocity are consistent with the prediction of the relational hypothesis. The perceived speed of a stimulus depends not only on the physical speed of the stimulus but also on non-motion cues, some of which are distance cues involved in depth perception.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Speed Constancy and the Perception of Distance

Tozawa

2008

Perception

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“…When seeing ambiguous planar motion, individuals will likely experience a motion-in-depth percept due to a bias which could be driven by the kinetic depth effect 31, 32 . The contrast-dependent phenomenon reported here is very sensitive and can interact with subjects’ innate bias.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1, supplementary movies) 12, 30 . When viewed monocularly or with a zero interocular phase, individuals will likely experience a motion-in-depth percept known as the kinetic depth effect 31, 32 . However, the low-level interocular phase manipulation creates an actual disparity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interocular contrast difference drives illusory 3D percept

Reynaud

Hess

2017

Sci Rep

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Any processing delay between the two eyes can result in illusory 3D percepts for moving objects because of either changes in the pure disparities over time for disparity sensors or by changes to sensors that encode motion/disparity conjointly. This is demonstrated by viewing a fronto-parallel pendulum through a neutral density (ND) filter placed over one eye, resulting in the illusory 3D percept of the pendulum following an elliptical orbit in depth, the so-called Pulfrich phenomenon. Here we use a paradigm where a cylinder rotating in depth, defined by moving Gabor patches is presented at different interocular phases, generating strong to ambiguous depth percepts. This paradigm allows one to manipulate independently the contrast and the luminance of the patches to determine their influence on perceived motion-in-depth. Thus we show psychophysically that an interocular contrast difference can itself result in a similar illusory 3D percept of motion-in-depth. We argue that contrast, like luminance (ND filter) can modify the dynamics of visual neurons resulting in an interocular processing delay or an interocular velocity difference.

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Effects of Motion Parallax and Perspective Cues on Perceived Size and Distance

Tozawa

Oyama

2006

Perception

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In three experiments we examined the relative effectiveness of motion parallax and two perspective cues for the perception of size and distance. The experimental stimuli consisted of two ellipses (a standard and a comparison) and a horizontal line that indicated the horizon. The subject's task was to report the apparent size and distance of the comparison stimulus relative to the standard stimulus. Two perspective cues were given by the relative heights of the two stimuli and the absolute height of the standard stimulus below the horizon. Motion parallax was defined by both the ratio and the difference in angular velocities between the two stimuli on the display. In experiment 1 we examined the effects of the two perspective cues and the motion parallax. In experiment 2 we eliminated the horizon line, and examined the role of the horizon in size and distance perception. In experiment 3 we separately evaluated the effects of motion parallax and the relative height cues. The results from the three experiments showed that the effect of motion parallax and the two perspective cues were different in three ways. First, the relative effectiveness of motion parallax and the two perspective cues differed for size and distance estimates. For size estimates, the motion parallax was more effective than the perspective cues (experiments 1 and 3). For distance estimates, the motion parallax was as effective as the two perspective cues (experiments 1 and 3). Second, the role of the horizon differed for size and distance estimates. The size estimates were strongly affected by the horizon, while the distance estimates were not affected much by the horizon (experiment 2). Third, the effective perspective cues differed for the size estimates and the distance estimates: size estimates were affected by the perspective cues as a combination of the horizon and relative height; distance estimates were affected by the perspective cues as an interaction between the absolute and relative heights without the horizon line.

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Perceived Internal Depth in Rotating and Translating Objects

Cited by 4 publications

References 17 publications

Speed Constancy and the Perception of Distance

Speed Constancy and the Perception of Distance

Interocular contrast difference drives illusory 3D percept

Effects of Motion Parallax and Perspective Cues on Perceived Size and Distance

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