Perangkat Lunak Prediktor Karies Anak Berdasarkan Faktor Anak, Perilaku Ibu, dan UKGS

Abstract

Karies adalah penyakit yang disebabkan oleh faktor langsung dan tidak langsung. Saat ini baru ada alat yang dipakai untuk mengukur risiko karies secara langsung. Berdasarkan faktor penyebab tersebut maka perlu disusun alat prediksi karies baru, yang mengukur faktor langsung dan tidak langsung. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menyusun alatPrediktor Karies Anak (PKA) dan melakukan uji validitas. Jenis penelitian ini adalah cross-sectional analitic. Penelitian dilakukan melalui empat tahap, yakni: definisi persyaratan, perancangan sistem dan perangkat lunak, dan implementasi serta pengujian unit. Penyusunan perangkat lunak berdasarkan risiko karies pada 430 anak SD usia 10 - 12 danorangtuanya. Uji validitas perangkat lunak dilakukan dengan membandingkan 42 hasil pengukuran antara PKA denganMicrosoft Excel. Pada tahap definisi persyaratan, diperoleh faktor risiko karies yang meliputi pH saliva, banyaknya plak, pengalaman karies, pemanfatan pelayanan kesehatan gigi, perilaku ibu dalam memilih makanan, pengetahuan anak tentang kesehatan gigi dan mulut, perilaku anak dalam memelihara kesehatan gigi, perilaku anak dalam kebiasaanmakan, dan pelaksanaan UKGS oleh guru. Tahap perancangan sistem dan perangkat lunak, menggunakan bobot faktor risiko sehingga diperoleh persamaan risiko terjadinya karies baru: P=1/[1+2.7 (-2,335 + 0,658X1 + 0,868X2 + 1,398X3 + 0,629X4 + 0,516X5 + 0,745X6 + 0,743X7 + 1,199X8 + 0,613x9)]. Hasil uji menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan antara hasil pengukuran risiko karies antara PKA danpenghitungan dengan Microsoft Excel (p > 0,05). Penelitian ini telah menghasilkan perangkat lunak PKA dan hasil uji telah valid. Software of Prediktor Karies Anak Based on Child Factor, Mother’s Behavior, and Environment. Caries is caused by direct and indirect factors. Recently, there is only a tool to measure direct factor of caries risk on school age children. Therefore, a new tool for caries prediction needs to be developed, which involves measurement for both direct and indirect factors. The study objective is to develop Prediktor Karies Anak (PDA) and to determine its validity. The research design was cross-sectional analytic. This study was conducted in four stages: pre-requirement definitions, design of system and software, implementation and unit test. The software was developed based on caries risk factors of 430 students aged 10 - 12 years and their parents. The validity of the Software was tested by comparing 42 outputs of Prediktor Karies Anak with Microsoft Excel. On the Pre-requirement definitions stage, caries risk factors were determined as pH saliva, plaque quantity, caries experiences, utilization of dental health care, mother’s behaviour in food selection, children’s knowledge on dental health, children’s behaviour on dental health maintenance, children’s behaviour on food habit, and UKGS implementation by teachers. The weighting factor formula to predict the risk of new caries in the design of systems and software was: P=1/[1+2.7(-2,335 + 0,658X1 + 0,868X2 + 1,398X3 + 0,629X4 + 0,516X5 + 0,745X6 + 0,743X7 + 1,199X8 + 0,613x9)]]. There were no differences on risk caries between Prediktor Karies Anak and MicrosoftExcel (p > 0,05). This study had produced the software of Prediktor Karies Anak and the test result was valid.

Effect of A’yun’s predictor software on the behavior, saliva pH, and PHPM index

“…This indicates that the risk of new caries motivates children and their parents to improve the behavior in dental-oral health maintenance in accordance with the recapitulations of the risk factors and suggestions as a follow-up of the APS. 8 There was a significant difference between the PHPM index in the treatment and control group. Most children had an enormous amount of plaque related to their habits of eating cariogenic foods and their dental health maintenance behavior which is not good.…”

“…9 A'yun's predictor software produces a number in the form of a percentage of new caries risk predictions that children could perceive as a threat that their teeth may experience caries. 8 If adjusted to the Health Belief Model theory, children will perceive as vulnerability (caries risk factors) and severity (caries risk prediction). According to the Health Belief Model theory, any actions to improve behavior are the expected outcomes, and these expectations can be manifested by following the suggestions for the prevention of caries based on the amount of new caries risk obtained.…”

“…10 A'yun's Predictor Sofware is an educational tool for dental and oral health education, therefore in the section of suggestions for the prevention of new caries, caries preventive measures can be given in the form of images. 8 In accordance with the development of school children, educational tools shall provide more images more because children will be more interested and it will be easier for them to remember what they read or see. A'yun's predictor software is a visual tool for dental health promotion to describe the extent of caries risk and its prevention.…”

“…This software is one of the new ways to describe the interaction of various factors that play a role in caries process APS was developed to create a better understanding of the multi-factorial aspects of dental caries for children and their parents, as well as to serve as a guideline in estimating the risk of new caries in school children. 8 This study aimed to determine the effect of APS on dental-oral health maintenance behavior, saliva pH, and PHPM index.…”

Gambaran Risiko Karies Gigi Tetap Pada Anak Dengan Rampan Karies (Aplikasi Irene’s Donuts)

“…Resiko karies pada anak usia 3-5 tahun dikatakan rendah, jika persentase berkisar antara 8,8-38,8%, resiko karies sedang jika persentase berkisar 38,9-68,9% dan resiko karies tinggi jika persentase berkisar 69,0% -99,8%. 15 Persentase resiko karies gigi tetap pada penelitian ini adalah 63,50% menandakan bahwa anak rampan karies dengan faktor resiko rendah sebanyak 0%, resiko sedang sebanyak 5% (1 orang), resiko tinggi sebanyak 45% (9 orang). Sedangkan anak tidak rampan karies pada faktor resiko rendah sebanyak 35% (7 orang), resiko sedang sebanyak 15% (3 orang), resiko tinggi sebanyak 0%.…”