Peralkaline and peraluminous granites and related mineral deposits of the Arabian Shield, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Elliott, James E.

doi:10.3133/ofr83389

Cited by 20 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 5 publications

(10 reference statements)

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“…Thus the Najd fault system ( Fig. 3c and d) and the associated paleo arc suture zones [23] became loci of hydrothermal mineral deposits [6,[27][28][29]13]. Besides the heavy metals and transitional metals, the hydrothermal deposits associated with Najd fault systems and paleo suture zones include kasolite (uranyle mineral), uranium rich thorite, uraniferous fluoride-complexes and pyrochlore [30].…”

Section: Post Tectonic Plutonismmentioning

confidence: 97%

CO2 mitigation strategy through geothermal energy, Saudi Arabia

Chandarasekharam

Lashin

Nassir

2014

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

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Section: Post Tectonic Plutonismmentioning

confidence: 97%

CO2 mitigation strategy through geothermal energy, Saudi Arabia

Chandarasekharam

Lashin

Nassir

2014

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

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“…The youngest Proterozoic rocks of the region were formed during a brief period from about 585 Ma to 570 Ma (Stuckless and others, 1984) that was characterized by moderate regional extension in a north-northwesterly direction (Cole, this report). These volcanic and intrusive rocks are characterized by high-silica compositions and are separable into two principal subgroups (peraluminous and peralkaline) on the basis of major-and minor-element chemistry, mineralogy, isotopic traits, and associations with particular, types of mineralization or geochemical enrichment (Stuckless and others, 1982a, b,^;Elliott, 1983;Cole, 1984b, this report).…”

Section: Summary and Regional Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reconnaissance geology of the Uqlat as Suqur Quadrangle, sheet 25/42 A, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Cole¹

1985

Open-File Report

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The geology of the Uqlat as Suqur quadrangle provides a detailed record of the late Proterozoic layered and intrusive rock units,-their interrelationships, and the structural evolution of a large portion of the northeastern Shield of Saudi Arabia. Four major unconformities and three well-defined intrusive episodes identified in the quadrangle provide a rational basis for describing and defining lithostratigraphic units, and for interpreting the deformational history within the region. The oldest rocks consist chiefly of low-potassium mafic and felsic metavolcanic rocks (Dhiran meta-andesite) that were intruded 690 Ma to at least 680 Ma ago by the (possibly cogenetic) Suwaj suite, represented in this quadrangle by low-potassium microdiorite and granodiorite granophyre. The Dhiran-Suwaj terrane was deformed and metamorphosed during a regional erogenic event and became the principal source of clastic material for the Murdama group, which was deposited in subsiding marine basins marginal to emergent highlands. Coarse conglomerate and shallow-water limestone were characteristically deposited near these margins, whereas thick, monotonous sandstone accumulated in the deep-water basin centers. The unlithified Murdama deposits were .gently deformed but regionally folded along north-south trends between rigid blocks-of the Dhiran-Suwaj terrane after about 650 Ma. Regional extension and volcanic activity began at about 640 Ma and produced voluminous calc-alkaline andesite, volcaniclastic sandstone, and volcaniclastic conglomerate of the Jurdhawiyah group. Primary volcanic materials and their rapidly eroded detritus were deposited in linear (probably fault-bounded) basins that were partly shallow-water marine and partly terrestrial. The largest Jurdhawiyah basin began to warp and close during the waning stages of volcanic activity in response to northward-directed compression. High-angle reverse faults displaced the southern basin margin, and a fault-bounded structural arch rose along the northern margin and shed coarse debris into the basin. This intense deformation was closely followed by intrusion of voluminous calc-alkaline granodiorite, diorite, and granite (Idah suite), 620 Ma to 615 Ma ago, that may have been cogenetic with the Jurdhawiyah volcanic rocks. Mineralization is widely associated with this intrusive episode, in the form of gold-bearing quartz veins within and marginal to these plutons. Uplift, erosion, and probable planation characterized the subsequent interval of about 30 Ma, during which no rocks are known to have formed. Beginning at about 585 Ma during a period of regional cratonic extension, high-silica peraluminous granite magma was emplaced in the Qitan complex, and peralkaline magmas were intruded as dikes and extruded as rhyolite and tuff (Humaliyah formation). The Qitan complex and its environs may have potential for tin, tungsten, and(or) base metals.

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“…These rocks are particularly numerous in the northeastern shield and include the Salins caldera complex. They are generally highly evolved [Stuckless et al, 1982a] and commonly contain anomalously high contents of tungsten, molybdenum, tin, beryllium, zirconium, niobium, thorium, uranium, rare earths, and fluorine [Stoeser and Elliott, 1980;Elliott, 1983;Stuckless et al, 1982a, b], although no economic mineral deposits have yet been discovered.…”

Section: Geologic Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Root zone of the Late Proterozoic Salma Caldera, northeastern Arabian Shield, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Kellogg¹

1985

J. Geophys. Res.

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The eroded root of the late Proterozoic Salma caldera crops out in a striking, roughly elliptical feature, about 27 km long and 22 km wide, near the northeastern edge of the Arabian Shield. The caldera is genetically part of an elongate alka!ic granitic massif (Jabal Salma) that extends 35 km from the caldera to the southwest. Comenditic ash flow tuff and lava(?) of the caldera fill, probably more than 1 km thick, are the oldest recognized rocks of the caldera complex. These rocks were erupted during caldera collapse associated with the rapid evacuation of the upper, mildly peralkalic part of a zoned magma reservoir. Within the caldera fill, a massive, lithic-rich intracaldera rhyolite, probably a lava in excess of 1 km thick, is overlain by a layered ash flow sequence. Numerous megabreccia blocks, probably derived from the caldera wall, occur in the massive rhyolite. Open folds in the layered volcanic rocks may be due to high-temperature slumping of the rocks toward the center of the caldera following collapse. Later peralkalic granite that intruded the caldera ring fracture zone occurs in an arcuate pattern outside the area of exposed caldera fill. After caldera collapse, metaluminous to peraluminous magma rose beneath the caldera at approximately 580 Ma and solidified as biotite alkali granite, rim syenogranite, and late, high-level granophyre. Rare earth element abundances indicate that the layered rhyolite tuff, peralkalic granite, and granophyre are chemically more evolved than the biotite alkali granite and rim syenogranite. The granophyre intruded the caldera fill as a dome-shaped body composed of numerous sheetlike masses. Granophyric texture resulted from rapid pressure release and quenching accompanying the intrusion of each sheet. Maximum penetration of the granophyre into overlying rocks occurred in the central region and along the west side of the caldera, where the caldera fill volcanic rocks have been removed by erosion. No apparent structural doming of the exposed volcanic rocks along the east side of the caldera took place; the layered ash flows commonly dip steeply toward the center of the caldera. Postemplacement deformation and metamorphism of the caldera are minimal. Small-displacement strikeslip faults cut the complex, which is tilted to the northeast by no more than about 2 ø .

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Peralkaline and peraluminous granites and related mineral deposits of the Arabian Shield, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Cited by 20 publications

References 5 publications

CO2 mitigation strategy through geothermal energy, Saudi Arabia

CO2 mitigation strategy through geothermal energy, Saudi Arabia

Reconnaissance geology of the Uqlat as Suqur Quadrangle, sheet 25/42 A, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Root zone of the Late Proterozoic Salma Caldera, northeastern Arabian Shield, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

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