Peracetic Acid–Ruthenium(III) Oxidation Process for the Degradation of Micropollutants in Water

Abstract

This paper presents an advanced oxidation process (AOP) of peracetic acid (PAA) and ruthenium(III) (Ru(III)) to oxidize micropollutants in water. Studies of PAA−Ru(III) oxidation of sulfamethoxazole (SMX), a sulfonamide antibiotic, in 0.5−20.0 mM phosphate solution at different pH values (5.0− 9.0) showed an optimum pH of 7.0 with a complete transformation of SMX in 2.0 min. At pH 7.0, other metal ions (i.e., Fe(II), Fe(III), Mn(II), Mn(III), Co(II), Cu(II), and Ni(II)) in 10 mM phosphate could activate PAA to oxidize SMX only up to 20%. The PAA−Ru(III) oxidation process was also unaffected by the presence of chloride and carbonate ions in solution. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) measurements and quenching experiments showed the dominant involvement of the acetyl(per)oxyl radicals (i.e., CH 3 C(O)O • and CH 3 C(O)OO • ) for degrading SMX in the PAA−Ru(III) oxidation process. The transformation pathways of SMX by PAA−Ru(III) were proposed based on the identified intermediates. Tests with other pharmaceuticals demonstrated that the PAA−Ru(III) oxidation system could remove efficiently a wide range of pharmaceuticals (9 compounds) in the presence of phosphate ions in 2.0 min at neutral pH. The knowledge gained herein on the effective role of Ru(III) to activate PAA to oxidize micropollutants may aid in developing Ru(III)containing catalysts for PAA-based AOPs.

Examining the antimicrobial efficacy of granulated tetraacetylethylenediamine derived peracetic acid and commercial peracetic acid in urban wastewaters

“…Moreover, manganese concentrations were found to have a significant positive correlation with log E. coli and total coliform reductions (i.e., as log reduction increases, total manganese increases), which is expected as manganese is thought to catalyze PAA decomposition in aqueous solutions (Luukkonen et al, 2014;Luukkonen & Pehkonen, 2017;Rothbart et al, 2012;Wagner et al, 2002;Yuan et al, 1997). Hypothetically, it is possible that the manganese in solution could be catalyzing PAA to form acetyl (per)oxyl radicals, which may be responsible for disinfection and increased disinfection efficacy (Li et al, 2021;Luukkonen & Pehkonen, 2017). Further examination should be conducted to better understand the role manganese plays in TAED-PAA disinfection of secondary effluents.…”

“…Moreover, several physical and chemical factors (e.g., suspended solids, chemical oxygen demand, and dissolved organic carbon) of wastewater have been identified to interfere with its efficacy (Falsanisi et al, 2008;Koivunen & Heinonen-Tanski, 2005;Lefevre et al, 1992;Luukkonen et al, 2014;Luukkonen & Pehkonen, 2017;Stampi et al, 2001;Water Environment Federation, 2020). In addition, recent anecdotal evidence has suggested that transition metal ions (e.g., Fe 2+ , Cu 2+ , and Mn 2+ ) can lead to the catalytic decomposition of PAA and the formation of radicals, which may further intensify disinfectant activity and hence decrease sustained long-term efficacy (Kim et al, 2019(Kim et al, , 2020Li et al, 2021;Rothbart et al, 2012;Wang et al, 2021).…”

Evaluation of Fe2+/Peracetic Acid to Degrade Three Typical Refractory Pollutants of Textile Wastewater

“…That said, the proportion of PAA and H 2 O 2 would affect the distribution of organic radicals and •OH in the Fe 2+ /PAA/H 2 O 2 process. In previous research [30][31][32][33], PAA-based AOP has exhibited structural selectivity in the removal performance of target pollutants and shown comparable or even superior performance compared to H 2 O 2 -based AOP.…”

Efficiency and mechanism of UV / CH3COOOH for advanced treatment of wastewater in Waterworks

“…As an oxidant of UV photooxidation, peracetic acid has an asymmetric structure containing O-O bond, which is similar to PMS in structure. Compared with traditional oxidants H2O2, O3, Fenton reagent and PMS, PAA has a higher efficiency of free radical generation [6], and can produce active factors better in the oxidation reaction, which can be optimized in both consumption and cost; On the other hand, as a broad-spectrum fungicide, peracetic acid is an excellent substitute for chlorine based oxidants due to its limited formation of harmful disinfection byproducts [7], negligible mutagenicity or genotoxicity to aquatic organisms, and no persistent residues in the environment.…”