“…Membrane technology, especially the low-pressure membranes (LPMs) including microfiltration (MF) and ultrafiltration (UF), has been widely applied for surface water treatment on account of its merits, including highly selective separation, easy scale-up, and sustainability. , However, the various organic components in surface water, such as natural organic matters (NOMs) and anthropogenic organic microcontaminants (e.g., pharmaceuticals, pesticides, and dyestuffs), inevitably exacerbate the fouling of the membranes and leakage of organic microcontaminants, resulting in attenuated efficiency and higher energy consumption, hampering its efficient application. , To address these issues, various LPM-based techniques have been proposed and developed. Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) as oxidative reactive oxygen (ROS)-mediated technology can mineralize the organic components into harmless substances. , For instance, hydroxyl radicals (•OH, E 0 = 2.80 V/NHE) generated from the reaction between H 2 O 2 and Fe(II) in the electro-Fenton (EF) process have strong oxidized capabilities, which can achieve robust decontamination performance .…”