Peptide Antibiotics

Dowling, Patricia M.

doi:10.1002/9781118675014.ch11

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…The resistance of S. aureus to aztreonam is not surprising, since this antibiotic is very effective on Gram-negative bacteria but not on Gram-positive and/or anaerobic species 71 , whereas bacitracin demonstrates activity mainly against Gram-positive bacteria 72 . Fifteen years ago, bacitracin resistance was uncommon and only a small number of cases have been reported, however this antimicrobial has become one of the most common drugs used in livestock as growth promoters in Brazil as well as a popular topical antibiotic.…”

Section: Antimicrobial Susceptibility By Disc Diffusion Assay and Micmentioning

confidence: 99%

Milk microbial composition of Brazilian dairy cows entering the dry period and genomic comparison between Staphylococcus aureus strains susceptible to the bacteriophage vB_SauM-UFV_DC4

Duarte

Treu

Sartori

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Brazil has the second-largest dairy cattle herd in the world, and bovine mastitis still can cause significant losses for dairy farmers. Despite this fact, little information is available about milk microbial composition of Brazilian dairy cows, as well as the potential use of bacteriophages in the control of S. aureus. Here, we investigated milk bacterial composition of 28 Holstein Fresian cows (109 teats), selected in the dry-off period, using 16S rRNA analysis. Furthermore, a representative S. aureus strain (UFV2030RH1) was obtained at drying-off for isolation of a bacteriophage (vB_SauM-UFV_DC4, UFV_DC4) and bacterial genomic comparison purposes. Our outcomes revealed that Staphylococcus was the third most prevalent genus and positively correlated with subclinical mastitis events. As a major finding, genomic analyses showed the presence of adhesive matrix molecules that recognize microbial surface components (MSCRAMM) in UFV2030RH1 and might indicate great biofilm formation capability. A minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assay showed that resistance to ampicillin was the highest among the antibiotic tested in S. aureus 3059 and UFV2030RH1, displaying values four and sixteen times greater than MIC resistance breakpoint, respectively. Together, our results suggest that Staphylococcus is highly prevalent in dairy cows at drying-off and the use of the phage UFV_DC4 as a biocontrol agent must be investigated in future studies. In the last few years, dairy activity in Brazil has undergone deep changes, focusing mainly on the improvement of the productive lifetime of dairy cows (i.e. milk production from birth to culling) and the possibility to reduce operation costs. Nowadays, Brazil is the fifth largest global milk producer and it has the second-largest dairy herd in the world, reflecting its relevance to the international dairy market 1. Overall, the cornerstones of a successful dairy farm activity are related to well-established nutritional, genetic and sanitary managements. As regards the latter, bovine mastitis is still the leading cause of economic losses for

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Section: Antimicrobial Susceptibility By Disc Diffusion Assay and Micmentioning

confidence: 99%

Milk microbial composition of Brazilian dairy cows entering the dry period and genomic comparison between Staphylococcus aureus strains susceptible to the bacteriophage vB_SauM-UFV_DC4

Duarte

Treu

Sartori

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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“…On the other hand, colistin is used in some countries such as China for the control of intestinal infection caused by GNB in chicken, turkeys, rabbits and ducks (Dowling, 2013). Colistin was incorporated into the feed of these animals at the dose of 3.33 mg/kg b.w for turkeys, 3.8 mg/kg b.w for rabbits and chickens, and 20 mg/kg for ducks (Zeng et al, 2010).…”

Section: One Health Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Colistin in Pig Production: Chemistry, Mechanism of Antibacterial Action, Microbial Resistance Emergence, and One Health Perspectives

et al. 2016

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Colistin (Polymyxin E) is one of the few cationic antimicrobial peptides commercialized in both human and veterinary medicine. For several years now, colistin has been considered the last line of defense against infections caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative such as Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Colistin has been extensively used orally since the 1960s in food animals and particularly in swine for the control of Enterobacteriaceae infections. However, with the recent discovery of plasmid-mediated colistin resistance encoded by the mcr-1 gene and the higher prevalence of samples harboring this gene in animal isolates compared to other origins, livestock has been singled out as the principal reservoir for colistin resistance amplification and spread. Co-localization of the mcr-1 gene and Extended-Spectrum-β-Lactamase genes on a unique plasmid has been also identified in many isolates from animal origin. The use of colistin in pigs as a growth promoter and for prophylaxis purposes should be banned, and the implantation of sustainable measures in pig farms for microbial infection prevention should be actively encouraged and financed. The scientific research should be encouraged in swine medicine to generate data helping to reduce the exacerbation of colistin resistance in pigs and in manure. The establishment of guidelines ensuring a judicious therapeutic use of colistin in pigs, in countries where this drug is approved, is of crucial importance. The implementation of a microbiological withdrawal period that could reduce the potential contamination of consumers with colistin resistant bacteria of porcine origin should be encouraged. Moreover, the management of colistin resistance at the human-pig-environment interface requires the urgent use of the One Health approach for effective control and prevention. This approach needs the collaborative effort of multiple disciplines and close cooperation between physicians, veterinarians, and other scientific health and environmental professionals. This review is an update on the chemistry of colistin, its applications and antibacterial mechanism of action, and on Enterobacteriaceae resistance to colistin in pigs. We also detail and discuss the One Health approach and propose guidelines for colistin resistance management.

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“…Nowadays, some of the most commonly used antibiotics are synthetic (e.g., chloramphenicol) and some are semi-synthetic (e.g., ampicillin, cloxacillin, and dicloxacillin); however, some of them are of natural origin, e.g., benzylpenicillin, also known as Penicillin G and phenoxymethylpenicillin, also known as Penicillin V (Ball et al, 1978). Barna and Williams, 1984;Chopra and Roberts, 2001;Davies and Davies, 2010;Dowling, 2013a;Kapoor et al, 2017;Schwarz et al, 2016. The structure and modes of action of these substances are, in most cases, well-known;…”

Section: Antibiotics' Mode Of Actionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other antibiotics interacting with the bacterial cell membrane are polymyxins, e.g., polymyxin B, colistin, which are cationic antimicrobial peptides that disrupt the integrity of the cell membrane. They disorganize the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria by binding to lipopolysaccharides (Dowling, 2013a).…”

Section: Antibiotics' Mode Of Actionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…they also bind to the ribosome, but to the 30S subunit of this molecule, causing the genetic code to be misread. Protein synthesis is thereby disrupted, resulting in serious issues for the target cell, e.g., cell membrane permeabilization causing an increased intake of the antibiotic and thus cell death (Dowling, 2013a). Antibiotics may also inhibit deoxyribonucleic acid or ribonucleic acid synthesis pathways, such as in the case of rifamycins, which inhibit DNA-dependent RNA polymerase in bacteria, or of nalidixic acid, which affects the activity of bacterial topoisomerases (Dowling, 2013b).…”

Section: Antibiotics' Mode Of Actionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Overcoming bacterial resistance to antibiotics: the urgent need – a review

Stachelek

Zalewska

Kawecka-Grochocka

et al. 2021

Annals of Animal Science

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The discovery of antibiotics is considered one of the most crucial breakthroughs in medicine and veterinary science in the 20th century. From the very beginning, this type of drug was used as a ‘miraculous cure’ for every type of infection. In addition to their therapeutic uses, antibiotics were also used for disease prevention and growth promotion in livestock. Though this application was banned in the European Union in 2006, antibiotics are still used in this way in countries all over the world. The unlimited and unregulated use of antibiotics has increased the speed of antibiotic resistance’s spread in different types of organisms. This phenomenon requires searching for new strategies to deal with hard-to-treat infections. The antimicrobial activity of some plant derivatives and animal products has been known since ancient times. At the beginning of this century, even more substances, such as antimicrobial peptides, were considered very promising candidates for becoming new alternatives to commonly used antimicrobials. However, many preclinical and clinical trials ended without positive results. A variety of strategies to fight microbes exist, but we are a long way from approving them as therapies. This review begins with the discovery of antibiotics, covers the modes of action of select antimicrobials, and ends with a literature review of the newest potential alternative approaches to overcoming the drug resistance phenomenon.

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Peptide Antibiotics

Cited by 7 publications

References 55 publications

Milk microbial composition of Brazilian dairy cows entering the dry period and genomic comparison between Staphylococcus aureus strains susceptible to the bacteriophage vB_SauM-UFV_DC4

Milk microbial composition of Brazilian dairy cows entering the dry period and genomic comparison between Staphylococcus aureus strains susceptible to the bacteriophage vB_SauM-UFV_DC4

Colistin in Pig Production: Chemistry, Mechanism of Antibacterial Action, Microbial Resistance Emergence, and One Health Perspectives

Overcoming bacterial resistance to antibiotics: the urgent need – a review

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