Pepsin-digested chicken-liver hydrolysate attenuates hepatosteatosis by relieving hepatic and peripheral insulin resistance in long-term high-fat dietary habit

Abstract

This study aims to clarify the effects of chicken liver hydrolysates (CLHs) on long-term high-fat diet (HFD)-induced insulin resistance (IR) and hepatosteatosis in mice. In vitro , the 400 μM oleic acid (OA)-added medium successfully stimulated the cellular steatosis on FL83B cells, and the cellular steatosis was attenuated ( p < 0.05) by supplementing with CLHs (4 mg/L). In vivo , the effects of CLHs on IR and hepatosteatosis development were tested in 20-week HFD-fed mice. HFD-induced increases in final body weight, but body weight gains of mice were decreased ( p < 0.05) by supplementing CLHs. Elevated ( p < 0.05) serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), free fatty acids (FFAs), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and fasted glucose values in HFD-fed mice decreased ( p < 0.05) by supplementing CLHs. Both results of hepatic steatosis and fibrotic scores also indicated the retardation ( p < 0.05) of the hepatosteatosis in cotreated groups. Moreover, the CLH supplementation sustained ( p < 0.05) hepatic and peripheral insulin signal sensitivity in HFD-fed mice. CLH supplementation could ameliorate hepatic lipid deposition, hepatic/peripheral IR in a long-term high-fat dietary habit, and also improve the universal glucose homeostasis by upregulating hepatic and peripheral insulin sensitivities.

Functional chicken-liver hydrolysates ameliorate insulin resistance and cognitive decline in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice

“…The blood glucose level per mouse was detected in 0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min after the mice were orally administered with one g glucose/kg BW. The trapezoidal rule calculated blood glucose level under the curve ( AUC ) was calculated by the trapezoidal rule ( Wu et al, 2021 ).…”

“…Then, the brain homogenates were stored at −20°C for the Western blotting. The following procedure was done as described in Wu et al (2021) . The information of primary antibiotics used in this study was β-actin (sc-47778, 1:5000 dilutions, Level Biotechnology, Inc., New Taipei City, Taiwan), glucose transporter type 4 ( GLUT4 ) polyclonal antibody (#2213, 1:1000 dilution, Cell signaling Technology, Inc, Danvers, MA, USA), advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) polyclonal antibody (bs-1158R, 1:1,000 dilution, Bioss Inc. Woburn, MA), the receptor for AGEs (RAGE) polyclonal antibody (AB9714-l, 1:1,000 dilution, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany), c-Jun N-terminal kinase ( JNK ) polyclonal antibody (MA5-15183, 1:1,000 dilution, Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc.), and the cleaved Caspase 3 polyclonal antibody (#9664, 1:500 dilution, Cell signaling Technology, Inc. Danvers, MA).…”

“…Based on the studies from our research group, a functional chicken-liver hydrolysate ( CLH ) with a specific amino-acid profile/imidazole-ring dipeptide (carnosine and anserine) and some trace mineral irons, that is, manganese ( Mn ) and selenium ( Se ) had been developed ( Chou et al, 2014 ). Meanwhile, its antioxidant effects in D-galactose induction ( Chou et al, 2014 ) and hepatoprotective effects against thioacetamide induction ( Chen et al, 2018 ) and a high-fat diet ( Wu et al, 2021 ) had also been demonstrated. More broiler livers would be utilized when useful biological activities for these protein hydrolysates are demonstrated.…”

Bioactivity of peptides obtained from poultry by-products: A review

“…The most recent research involves oral administration of hydrolyzed cartilage extract in the prevention of osteoarthritis ( Ma et al, 2021 ). Studies have also shown effects in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases ( Wu et al, 2020 ) and chronic liver diseases ( Chen et al, 2017 , Lin et al, 2017 , Wu et al, 2021 ), in antihypertensive treatments ( Bravo et al, 2019 , Mas-Capdevila et al, 2020 ), in the regulation of lipid metabolism as alternative treatments for obesity ( Yang et al, 2014 ) and to obtain antioxidant agents ( Chou et al, 2014 ).…”

Trends and applications of food protein-origin hydrolysates and bioactive peptides

“…Although a further study for its mechanism is still needed, the anti-obesity effect was presented. The anti-obesity effects of poultry hydrolysates (i.e., egg chalaza, breast meat, and liver) were also reported, and the common mechanism was enhancing the lipolysis, fatty-acid βoxidation, and energy expenditure in mitochondria [ 81 – 83 ]. Overall, the formulation of multiple biohydrolysates or peptides may be another exploration for future scientists.…”