Penyelidikan Epidemiologi Kejadian Luar Biasa (Klb) Difteri Di Kabupaten Blitar Tahun 2015

Abstract

ABSTRAK Difteri merupakan penyakit menular mematikan yang menyerang saluran pernapasan atas yang disebabkan oleh bakteri Corynebacterium diphtheriae. Kasus difteri di Kabupaten Blitar cenderung meningkat dari tahun ke tahun. Jumlah kasus tahun 2011 sebanyak 15 kasus, tahun 2012 sebanyak 23 kasus, tahun 2013 sebanyak 17 kasus, tahun 2014 sebanyak 21 kasus, dan tahun 2015 sebanyak 38 kasus dengan jumlah kasus tertinggi di kecamatan Kanigoro sebanyak 9 kasus. Tujuan penyelidikan epidemiologi adalah mengetahui besar masalah KLB difteri dan faktor risiko yang mempengaruhinya.Jenis penelitian adalah deskriptif kualitatif. Informan utama penelitian adalah petugas kesehatan yang menangani KLB difteri baik di Dinas Kesehatan maupun Puskesmas. Informan triangulasi penelitian adalah bidan desa, kepala desa, ketua PKK, dan penderita atau keluarga penderita. Data dikumpulkan dengan cara wawancara mendalam dan observasi, dan dianalisis dengan menggunakan metode analisis isi.Hasilnya adalah 95,55% kasus difteri terjadi pada kelompok umur ≤ 15 tahun dan 91% jumlah kasus difteri dialami oleh masyarakat yang mendapatkan imunisasi lengkap. Selain itu, tingkat pengetahuan masyarakat yang rendah tentang difteri juga merupakan faktor risiko penularan difteri.Penelitian ini merekomendasikan Dinas Kesehatan untuk membuat pola pengawasan kontak erat dan memberikan pelatihan manajemen cold chain. Bagi Puskesmas diharapkan melakukan pengawasan terhadap kontak erat dan meningkatkan cakupan penyuluhan.Kata kunci: KLB, Difteri, Kabupaten BitarABSTRACT Diphtheria is a deadly infectious disease that attacks the upper respiratory tract caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae. The case of diphtheria in Blitar district tends to increase. The number of cases in 2011 was 15 cases, 23 cases in 2012, 17 cases in 2013, 21 cases in 2014, and 38 cases in 2015 with the highest number of cases in Kanigoro sub-district by 9 cases. The purpose of epidemiological investigation are to determine the extent of diphtheria outbreak and the risk factors that affect it.The kind of research is a qualitative descriptive. Key informants research are health care workers who deal with diphtheria’s outbreaks in both of the Department of Health and Community Health Center. Informants for triangulation research are the midwife of the village, the village’s leader, pkk’s chairman, and the patient or the family of the patient. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and observation, and analyzed using content analysis method.The result is 95.55% of diphtheria cases occured at age ≤15 years old and 91% of diphtheria’s case are suffered by people who get complete immunization. In addition, a low level of community knowledge about diphtheria is also a risk factor for diphtheria transmission.As suggestion, Blitar district health office establish close contact supervision patterns and provide cold chain management training. Health centers are expected to supervise close contacts and increase the coverage education.Keywords: Outbreak, diphtheria, Blitar district

The Influence of Immunization and Population Density to Diphtheria’s Prevalence in East Java

“…Hasil (Alfiansyah, 2017). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa prevalensi penyakit difteri tahun 2016 di Jawa Timur masih tergolong rendah yaitu 8,91/1.000.000.…”

Roles of doctors at health centres in applying principles of family medicine to prevent diptheria in Banda Aceh

“…People who did not understand about dangers of diphtheria would get risks of diphtheria easily because they did not know signs, symptoms and prevention of the diptheria. 26 This was also supported by Utami who stated that people with lower knowledge of diphtheria, would be get 16.4 times of risks higher than people with knowledge. Therefore, societies needed to increase their knowledge about diphtheria through counselling conducted not only by doctors, but also by all health workers and cadres.…”

Diphteria’s Outbreak Control in Blitar District

“…2 One case of diphtheria is an outbreak, so it is necessary to make efforts to control diphtheria through outbreak management. 3 Management of diphtheria outbreak was carried out by treating patients to prevent severe complications and eliminating the source of diphtheria transmission. In addition, immunization should be given to provide immunity to vulnerable populations.…”

“…One case of diphtheria is an outbreak, so it is necessary to make efforts to control diphtheria through outbreak management. 3 Outbreak management is an activity carried out to investigate and respond to an outbreak. It aims to protect public health by identifying the source of the disease and implementing control measures to prevent the further spread of the disease.…”