Penularan Potyvirus Penyebab Penyakit Mosaik pada Tanaman Nilam melalui Vektor Aphis gossypii

Abstract

ABSTRAKNilam (Pogostemon cablin) merupakan tanaman penting yang memiliki nilai ekonomi karena kemampuannya memproduksi minyak esensial, yaitu minyak nilam. Hama dan penyakit dapat berkontribusi terhadap rendahnya produksi minyak nilam di Indonesia. Potyvirus telah diidentifikasi merupakan salah satu penyebab penyakit mosaik pada nilam. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi kutudaun yang berasosiasi pada tanaman nilam dan untuk mempelajari hubungan antara spesies kutudaun dan virus mosaik. Dua spesies kutudaun yang paling banyak ditemukan pada pertanaman nilam di Indonesia ialah Aphis gossypii dan Brachycaudus sp. Studi lebih lanjut pada kemampuan A. gossypii menularkan Potyvirus mengungkapkan adanya hubungan non persisten dengan periode puasa optimum 25 menit, periode makan akuisisi 15 menit, dan periode makan inokulasi optimum 4 jam.Kata kunci: Aphis gossypii, Brachycaudus, nilam, Pogostemon cablin, Potyvirus ABSTRACT Patchouli (Pogostemon cablin) is an economically important plant due to its capability to produce essential oil, i.e. patchouli oil. Pest and diseases may contribute to low production of patchouli oil in Indonesia. Aphids are commonly found associated with patchouli plants showing mosaic symptoms, indicated possible relationship between aphids and mosaic virus. Early diagnosis showed that mosaic disease on patchouli is caused by Potyvirus infection. A study was conducted to identify those aphid species and to examine relationship between the aphid species and mosaic virus. Two aphid species commonly found in patchouli plants in Indonesia are Aphis gossypii and Brachycaudus sp. Further study on the ability of A. gossypii to transmit Potyvirus revealed the possible non-persistent relationship, with 25 min optimum pre-acquisition starvation, 15 min acquisition period and 4 hours optimum inoculation feeding period, respectively.

Kutudaun (Hemiptera: Aphididae) pada gulma di sekitar lahan pertanian di Jawa Barat beserta kunci identifikasinya

“…Kelompok Aphidinae tidak hanya memiliki jumlah spesies yang paling banyak, namun kelompok ini juga paling banyak menjadi hama pada tanaman herba (Blackman & Eastop 2006 (Kishaba et al 1992). A. gossypii juga berperan sebagai vektor penularan Potyvirus penyebab penyakit mosaik pada tanaman nilam (Noveriza et al 2012). Gulma yang berada di sekitar area pertanian menciptakan peluang bagi kutudaun untuk mencari inang alternatif sehingga keberadaannya di sekitar daerah pertanian dapat mengancam keberhasilan produksi pertanian.…”

Elimination of mosaic disease caused by potyvirus and fabavirus on patchouli using synthetic antiviral

“…The plants actually can be maintained for more than one year, but the yields usually start to decline after 3-4 harvesting cyles [7]. The main constraint in patchouli cultivation in Indonesia is the lack of good varieties, the occurrence of allelopathy and the presence of pests and diseases caused by various organisms, including viruses [8].…”

“…In Indonesia, at least 6 viruses have been identified in several patchouli production centers, such as Potyvirus (TeMV, PStV), Fabavirus (Broad Bean Wilt Virus 2-BBWV2), Potexvirus (Cymbidium Mozaic Virus, CymMV), CMV and Tobacco Mozaic Virus (TMV). Among the identified viruses, Potyvirus is the dominantly found in most of patchouli plantation [8].…”

“…The genome of the virus is linear, single-stranded positive sense monopartite or bipartite RNA of 8,500-12,000 nucleotides with a poly (A) tail at the 39 end and probably a genome-linked protein (VPg) at its 59 end [9,10]. The most commonly found Potyvirus that accosiated with patchouli in Indonesia is identifed as Telosma mosaic virus (TeMV) and closely related to Passion fruit Woodiness Virus (PaWP) [8]. The diseased plant showed typical symptoms of yellow mosaic without malformation of the leaves, pale green mosaic with malformation of the leaves, severe mosaic, thickened leaves or stunted and retardation of the plant growth [8].…”

Biology aphis gosypii on pogostemon cablin

“…A. gossypii becomes the main problem in patchouli plants caused direct feeding the leaf of patchouli plants which reduces plant growth and also the most common vector to transmitting viruses in patchouli [2]. Aphids can cause stunted growth with curled or distorted leaves [3]. It was reported in Aceh Province, especially in Lamteuba, Aceh Besar the farmers said there was a population of aphids that colonized the leaf shoots of the patchouli plant, causing the patchouli leaf shoots to curl and resulting in decreased patchouli productivity.…”