Pentoxifylline inhibits acute HIV-1 replication in human T cells by a mechanism not involving inhibition of tumour necrosis factor synthesis or nuclear factor-κB activation

Nuclear Factor of Activated T Cells Is a Driving Force for Preferential Productive HIV-1 Infection of CD45RO-expressing CD4+ T Cells

“…Previous published observations support such an important link between NFAT and HIV-1 gene expression/replication in primary human cells, although none of these studies have looked at the involvement of the different CD45 isoform in this relationship (32,33,56). Our results confirm initial suggestions (20,57), that a cellular factor (in this case, NFAT1) might underlie preferential HIV-1 replication in memory T cells.…”

Pivotal role of cyclic nucleoside phosphodiesterase 4 in Tat-mediated CD4+T cell hyperactivation and HIV type 1 replication

“…It is worth noting that other groups of investigators have reported that infection of CD4 ϩ T cells with X4-tropic strains of HIV-1 is accompanied by a decrease in intracellular cAMP levels (32)(33)(34). In addition, PDE4 has been reported to be involved in the initiation of HIV-1 DNA circle formation in CD4 ϩ T cells (35).…”

“…In addition, PDE4 has been reported to be involved in the initiation of HIV-1 DNA circle formation in CD4 ϩ T cells (35). Consequently, rolipram was successfully used in vitro to reduce productive HIV infection (32)(33)(34)(35). This compound has been used in different clinical trials for the treatment of depression with no significant toxicity (36,37).…”

“…Five distinct functional domains have been characterized in the Tat protein: N-terminal (amino acids 1-21), cysteine-rich (amino acids [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37], core (amino acids 38-48), basic (amino acids 49-57), and C-terminal (amino acids 58-86͞ 101; ref. 1).…”

Regulation of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Replication in Human T Lymphocytes by Nitric Oxide

“…PBMC from healthy HIV-1-seronegative donors were isolated from whole blood by Ficoll-Hypaque (Pharmacia Fine Chemicals, Uppsala, Sweden) centrifugation and resuspended in RPMI 1640 medium (Biochrom) supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum (FCS) basically as previously described (48). Human blood macrophages were separated by adherence to plastic dishes at 37°C for 2 h. T cells were further purified by passing the nonadherent population through a nylon fiber wool column as described (48). The purity of this population (detected by flow cytometry) was always greater than 95% CD3 ϩ cells.…”