Pentacyclic triterpenoid-rich fraction of the Hardy kiwi (Actinidia arguta) improves brain dysfunction in high fat diet-induced obese mice

Abstract

This study was performed to investigate the effect of the chloroform fraction from Actinidia arguta (CFAA) on cognitive dysfunction in a C57BL/6 mouse model fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks. The CFAA has the protective effect on high glucose-induced neurotoxicity in MC-IXC cell (neuroblastoma cell line). In a C57BL/6 mouse model fed a HFD for 12 weeks, the improved glucose tolerance and cognitive dysfunction were observed in a group ingesting CFAA. In the brain tissue analysis, the impaired cholinergic, antioxidant system and mitochondria functions were improved in the CFAA group. In addition, in a molecular biology study, it was observed that CFAA improves HFD-induced abnormal insulin signaling such as increase of IRS phosphorylation at serine residues and reduction of Akt phosphorylation caused by the increase of JNK phosphorylation and then inhibited apoptosis. In the UPLC Q-TOF/MS analysis, pentacyclic triterpenoids such as asiatic acid (AA), madecassic acid (MA) were identified in CFAA as main compounds. Therefore, these results propose that Actinidia arguta rich in pentacyclic triterpenoids may be effective as preventive matter a therapeutic strategy to improve neurodegenerative disease caused by HFD.

Natural products regulate mitochondrial function in cognitive dysfunction—A scoping review

“…All articles used animal experiments except one, which was a mixed clinical trial ( An et al, 2021 ). Among the natural products investigated were DZXI ( An et al, 2021 ), CAW ( Gray et al, 2018 ; Lu et al, 2021 ), Chloroform fraction Actinidia arguta (CFAA) ( Ha et al, 2020 ), TMP from Ligusticum chuanxiong ( Huang et al, 2021 ), Schisandra chinensis extract (SCE), ascorbic acid (AA) ( Jang et al, 2020 ), (−)-Epicatechin (Epi) from Green tea ( Ling et al, 2022 ), GK from Ginkgo biloba ( Liu et al, 2022a ), Capsaicin from Capsicum ( Ouyang et al, 2022 ), CIN and ELA from Cinnamomum, Metabolite ( Pan et al, 2020 ), Red ginseng extract (RGE) ( Shin et al, 2019 ), SMYZD from Panax ginseng, Gastrodia elata ( Sun et al, 2021 ), Rheum ( Yin et al, 2022 ), and Rhein, emodin, aloe-emodin, chrysophanol, and physcion from Rheum ( Yin et al, 2021 ).…”

“…Asiatic acid ( Centella ) can not only prevent damage to the hippocampal synaptic mitochondrial structure in epileptic rats but can also affect mitochondrial proteins related to energy generation ( Gray et al, 2018 ; Lu et al, 2021 ). CFAA ( Actinidia ) can effectively protect against high glucose (HG)-induced neurotoxicity, thereby improving cognitive function ( Ha et al, 2020 ). TMP ( Ligusticum chuanxiong ) treatment reduces amyloid β (Aβ) accumulation in an AD model, promotes the recovery of mitochondrial function in mice, and improves synaptic dysfunction ( Huang et al, 2021 ).…”

“…It can inhibit glutamate release, increase AKT activation, inhibit protease activation, protect synaptic and mitochondrial functions, and prevent cognitive deficits in kainic acid-induced epilepsy ( Lu et al, 2021 ). CFAA ( Actinidia ) can effectively improve high-fat diet-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, thereby improving cognitive dysfunction ( Ha et al, 2020 ). TMP ( Ligusticum chuanxiong ) treatment can significantly change mitochondrial protein levels, increase ATP levels, and achieve neuroprotection by inhibiting the activity of BACE1 ( Huang et al, 2021 ).…”

“…ex Miq.] was obtained a hardy kiwi from the National Institute of Forest Science (Suwon, Korea) in September 2013, and it was extracted in 40% ethanol at 40°C for 2 h. It was obtained by filtration, evaporation, freezing, and drying ( Ha et al, 2020 ).…”

Asiatic Acid Ameliorates Cognitive Impairment in Diabetic Rats

“…Bax and Bcl-2 are marks of apoptosis. The AA is the main compound of chloroform fraction from Actinidia arguta which inhibited apoptosis by preventing Bax expression against high-fat diet-induced cognitive dysfunction 26 . In the high glucose-induced toxicant experiment, AA improved cell viability by increasing Bcl-2 mRNA expression and reducing mRNA expression 27 .…”