Pentaclorofenol: toxicología y riesgos para el ambiente

Morales, Irasema Castillo; Pazos, Cristina Bárcenas

doi:10.21829/myb.1998.421357

MYB

2016

DOI: 10.21829/myb.1998.421357

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Pentaclorofenol: toxicología y riesgos para el ambiente

Irasema Castillo Morales

Cristina Bárcenas Pazos

Abstract: El pentaclorofenol (PCP) y su sal sódica, el pentaclorofenato de sodio (NaPCP), son hidrocarburos halogenados de amplio espectro de toxicidad, muy persistentes, usados para la preservación de la madera contra hongos, bacterias e insectos. El PCP y el NaPCP son sustancias de alta toxicidad aguda para humanos que aumenta por la presencia de impurezas como las clorodibenzodioxinas y los clorodibenzofuranos. El PCP tiene graves efectos a largo plazo: es mutágeno, causa alteraciones en los sistemas inmunológico y e… Show more

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Cited by 3 publications

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A comprehensive overview of bacteria and fungi used for pentachlorophenol biodegradation

Bosso

Cristinzio

2014

Rev Environ Sci Biotechnol

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Pentachlorophenol (PCP) is an extremely dangerous worldwide pollutant due to its high toxicity towards all organisms. It has been introduced into the environment mainly as a wood preservative, biocides and from the bleaching of paper or tissues. The use of PCP indiscriminate has led to the contamination of water and soil systems. Many countries have specific regulations, guidelines or procedures for the management and disposal of PCP but the most common methods are: adsorption with activate carbons, incineration in an approved and secure area, closed in sealed containers and biological degradation. PCP depletion can occur either by abiotic processes such as: absorption, volatilization and photo degradation or by biotic degradation. One of the main studies focused on remediation using plants, animals and microbial communities. Aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms can degrade PCP under a variety of conditions and at different PCP concentrations. Bacterial strains such as Pseudomonas sp., Sphingomonas sp., Arthrobacter sp., Mycobacterium sp., Flavobacterium sp., Serratia sp. and Bacillus sp., and fungal cultures as Trametes sp., Phanerochaete sp., Anthracophyllum sp., Armillaria sp., Bjerkandera sp., Ganoderma sp., Lentinula sp., Penicillium sp, Trichoderma sp., Rhizopus sp. and Plerotus sp. showed various rates and extent of PCP degradation. This review focuses on PCP degradation by various aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms with emphases on the biological and chemical aspects. Furthermore we will analyze intermediate products, processes and enzymes involved in the degradation of PCP in different environmental conditions and at various PCP concentrations

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A comprehensive overview of bacteria and fungi used for pentachlorophenol biodegradation

Bosso

Cristinzio

2014

Rev Environ Sci Biotechnol

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Fungos Na Biorremediação De Áreas Degradadas

et al. 2011

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RESUMO O aumento das atividades industriais tem intensificado a poluição ambiental, promovendo a disposição inadequada de resíduos domésticos e industriais, principalmente resíduos perniciosos, implicando na contaminação do solo, ar, recursos hídricos superficiais e subterrâneos. Dentre as tecnologias mais utilizadas na recuperação dessas áreas degradadas, destaca-se a biorremediação, que tem, como agentes recuperadores, os micro-organismos. Portanto, o presente trabalho de revisão tem por objetivo abordar os principais aspectos da biorremediação por fungos – micorremediação de solos contaminados baseados nas diversas pesquisas já publicadas e disponíveis nos principais bancos de dados, tais como SciELO, LILACS, HighWire e PubMed. Essa biotecnologia vem sendo utilizada há vários anos em outros países e, em certos casos, apresenta menor custo e maior eficiência na remoção dos contaminantes do que as técnicas físicas e químicas que são atualmente utilizadas em escala comercial no tratamento de diversos resíduos e na remediação de áreas degradadas. Diante disso, é necessário que sejam realizados mais estudos para compreender os mecanismos de biorremediação mediada por micro-organismos, como ferramenta biológica no combate a poluição.

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Presence and Natural Treatment of Organic Micropollutants and their Risks after 100 Years of Incidental Water Reuse in Agricultural Irrigation

Chávez-Mejía

Navarro-González

Magaña-López

et al. 2019

Water

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The aim of the research was to show the presence of micropollutants contained in the wastewater of Mexico City within the distribution canals of the Mezquital Valley (MV), as well as their retention in agricultural soil and aquifers. This system constitutes the world's oldest and largest example of the use of untreated wastewater for agricultural irrigation. The artificial recharge associated with the MV aquifers, with groundwater extracted for human consumption showing its importance as a water resource for Mexico City. The results of sampling show the presence of 18 compounds, with 10 of these considered as endocrine disruptor compounds (EDCs). The concentration of these pollutants ranged from 2 ng/L for 17 β-estradiol to 99 ng/L for DEHP, with these values decreasing throughout the course of the canals due to the wastewater dilution factor, their retention in agricultural soil, and their accumulation in the local aquifer. The main mechanisms involved in natural attenuation are adsorption, filtration, and biodegradation. Drinking water equivalent levels (DWELs) were estimated for 11 compounds with regard to acceptable daily intakes (ADIs), by assuming local exposure parameters for a rural Mexican population. These were compared with the maximum groundwater concentrations (Cgw) to screen the potential risks. The very low ratios of Cgw to DWELs indicate no appreciable human health risk from the presence of trace concentrations of these compounds in the source of drinking water in the MV. Despite this, far from being exceeded after more than 100 years of irrigation with residual water, the natural soil attenuation seems to remain stable.

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Pentaclorofenol: toxicología y riesgos para el ambiente

Cited by 3 publications

References 42 publications

A comprehensive overview of bacteria and fungi used for pentachlorophenol biodegradation

A comprehensive overview of bacteria and fungi used for pentachlorophenol biodegradation

Fungos Na Biorremediação De Áreas Degradadas

Presence and Natural Treatment of Organic Micropollutants and their Risks after 100 Years of Incidental Water Reuse in Agricultural Irrigation

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