Pentachlorophenol from an old henhouse as a dioxin source in eggs and related human exposure

Piskorska-Pliszczyńska, Jadwiga; Struciński, Paweł; Mikołajczyk, Szczepan; Maszewski, Sebastian; Rachubik, J.; Pajurek, Marek

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2015.10.007

Cited by 39 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 29 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Pentachlorophenol (PCP, C6Cl5OH) was first produced in 1930s and extensively used in the following decades until it has been banned globally since late 20th century ( Hong et al, 2005 ; Gao et al, 2008 ; Ruder and Yiin, 2011 ). As a representative compound with stable aromatic ring structure and high chlorine content, PCP has relative persistence, high toxicity and long half-life in the natural environment ( Zheng et al, 2011 ; Guyton et al, 2016 ; Piskorska-Pliszczynska et al, 2016 ; Louis et al, 2017 ). Therefore, soils and sediments became the major environmental sinks for PCP as well as its byproducts and were also potential sources of re-emission ( Zheng et al, 2012 ; Chen et al, 2016 ; Diagboya et al, 2016 ; Cui et al, 2017 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Typical Soil Redox Processes in Pentachlorophenol Polluted Soil Following Biochar Addition

et al. 2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Reductive dechlorination is the primary pathway for environmental removal of pentachlorophenol (PCP) in soil under anaerobic condition. This process has been verified to be coupled with other soil redox processes of typical biogenic elements such as carbon, iron and sulfur. Meanwhile, biochar has received increasing interest in its potential for remediation of contaminated soil, with the effect seldom investigated under anaerobic environment. In this study, a 120-day anaerobic incubation experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of biochar on soil redox processes and thereby the reductive dechlorination of PCP under anaerobic condition. Biochar addition (1%, w/w) enhanced the dissimilatory iron reduction and sulfate reduction while simultaneously decreased the PCP reduction significantly. Instead, the production of methane was not affected by biochar. Interestingly, however, PCP reduction was promoted by biochar when microbial sulfate reduction was suppressed by addition of typical inhibitor molybdate. Together with Illumina sequencing data regarding analysis of soil bacteria and archaea responses, our results suggest that under anaerobic condition, the main competition mechanisms of these typical soil redox processes on the reductive dechlorination of PCP may be different in the presence of biochar. In particularly, the effect of biochar on sulfate reduction process is mainly through promoting the growth of sulfate reducer (Desulfobulbaceae and Desulfobacteraceae) but not as an electron shuttle. With the supplementary addition of molybdate, biochar application is suggested as an improved strategy for a better remediation results by coordinating the interaction between dechlorination and its coupled soil redox processes, with minimum production of toxic sulfur reducing substances and relatively small emission of greenhouse gas (CH4) while maximum removal of PCP.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Typical Soil Redox Processes in Pentachlorophenol Polluted Soil Following Biochar Addition

et al. 2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…All of these cattle where housed in stables with PCP-treated wood, and the PCDD/F profile in the meat correlated with that in PCP [ 172 , 180 ]. Also, chicken eggs in farms in Germany and Poland were recently contaminated from PCP-treated wood or contaminated soil [ 17 , 181 ]. In Italy, eggs were contaminated above the regulatory limit due to wood shavings from PCP-treated wood used for animal bedding [ 171 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reviewing the relevance of dioxin and PCB sources for food from animal origin and the need for their inventory, control and management

et al. 2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundIn the past, cases of PCDD/F and PCB contamination exceeding limits in food from animal origin (eggs, meat or milk) were mainly caused by industrially produced feed. But in the last decade, exceedances of EU limit values were discovered more frequently for PCDD/Fs or dioxin-like(dl)-PCBs from free range chicken, sheep, and beef, often in the absence of any known contamination source.ResultsThe German Environment Agency initiated a project to elucidate the entry of PCBs and PCDD/Fs in food related to environmental contamination. This paper summarizes the most important findings. Food products from farm animals sensitive to dioxin/PCB exposure—suckling calves and laying hens housed outdoor—can exceed EU maximum levels at soil concentrations that have previously been considered as safe. Maximum permitted levels can already be exceeded in beef/veal when soil is contaminated around 5 ng PCB-TEQ/kg dry matter (dm). For eggs/broiler, this can occur at a concentration of PCDD/Fs in soil below 5 ng PCDD/F–PCB-TEQ/kg dm. Egg consumers—especially young children—can easily exceed health-based guidance values (TDI). The soil–chicken egg exposure pathway is probably the most sensitive route for human exposure to both dl-PCBs and PCDD/Fs from soil and needs to be considered for soil guidelines. The study also found that calves from suckler cow herds are most prone to the impacts of dl-PCB contamination due to the excretion/accumulation via milk. PCB (and PCDD/F) intake for free-range cattle stems from feed and soil. Daily dl-PCB intake for suckler cow herds must in average be less than 2 ng PCB-TEQ/day. This translates to a maximum concentration in grass of 0.2 ng PCB-TEQ/kg dm which is less than 1/6 of the current EU maximum permitted level. This review compiles sources for PCDD/Fs and PCBs relevant to environmental contamination in respect to food safety. It also includes considerations on assessment of emerging POPs.ConclusionsThe major sources of PCDD/F and dl-PCB contamination of food of animal origin in Germany are (1) soils contaminated from past PCB and PCDD/F releases; (2) PCBs emitted from buildings and constructions; (3) PCBs present at farms. Impacted areas need to be assessed with respect to potential contamination of food-producing animals. Livestock management techniques can reduce exposure to PCDD/Fs and PCBs. Further research and regulatory action are needed to overcome gaps. Control and reduction measures are recommended for emission sources and new listed and emerging POPs to ensure food safety.

show abstract

“…previous warehouse of agricultural chemicals) converted into hen houses; old buildings constructed from preservative-treated wood (e.g. PCP), where birds are kept for the family's and neighbour's own use (19). High concentrations of these compounds have been noted in many European countries, including Poland, and in other continents (12,20,21,24).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dioxins, furans, and polychlorinated biphenyls in hen eggs – a new source of hazard for consumers?

Piskorska-Pliszczyńska

Struciński

Mikołajczyk

et al. 2015

Bulletin of the Veterinary Institute in Pulawy

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The paper presents the results of testing eggs for the content of dioxins and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), determination of the sources that caused the presence of high concentrations of these compounds which exceeded the acceptable contamination levels, and assessment of consumer health risk caused by the consumption of eggs with excessive contents of investigated compounds. In about 9% of free range eggs and 17% of organic eggs, the content of PCDD/Fs was two-or threefold higher than the acceptable limits, and in some samples the concentration of investigated compounds exceeded the maximum concentration levels. Based on the profile of the compounds, it was confirmed in several cases that their main source was the soil or unsecured refuse. The consumers of eggs and meat produced under these conditions constitute the risk groups, and their dioxin and PCB intake may exceed toxicological reference values.

show abstract

Pentachlorophenol from an old henhouse as a dioxin source in eggs and related human exposure

Cited by 39 publications

References 29 publications

Typical Soil Redox Processes in Pentachlorophenol Polluted Soil Following Biochar Addition

Typical Soil Redox Processes in Pentachlorophenol Polluted Soil Following Biochar Addition

Reviewing the relevance of dioxin and PCB sources for food from animal origin and the need for their inventory, control and management

Dioxins, furans, and polychlorinated biphenyls in hen eggs – a new source of hazard for consumers?

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About