Peningkatan Produktivitas Pakan Dan Nutrisi Sapi Pada Areal Kelapa Melalui Introduksi Pennisetum Purpureum Schum Cv. Mott

Abstract

ABSTRAKLahan perkebunan kelapa di Sulawesi Utara merupakan basis ekologi sapi namun produktivitas dan nutrisi pakan rendah. Penelitian ini bertujuan meningkatkan produktivitas pakan dan nutrisi untuk pengembangan sapi potong di lahan perkebunan kelapa, melalui introduksi hijauan pakan ternak unggul Pennisetum purpureum Schum cv. Mott. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada Juli 2012 sampai dengan Januari 2013 di Desa Ongkaw, Kabupaten Minahasa Selatan, Provinsi Sulawesi Utara. Tanaman kelapa yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Kelapa Dalam umur 50 tahun dengan jarak tanam 9 m x 9 m. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan tiga perlakuan dan tiga ulangan. Tiga perlakuan yang diuji adalah jenis pakan ternak, yang terdiri atas P. purpureum Schum cv. Mott, Cynodon sp. dan Pennisetum purpureum. Jarak tanam pakan ternak tersebut adalah 20 cm x 20 cm untuk Cynodon sp., dan 100 cm x 50 cm untuk P. purpureum Schum cv. Mott dan P. purpureum. Defoliasi pertama dilakukan 70 hst, setelah itu defoliasi dilakukan setiap 45 hari. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa berat kering pakan ternak per ha adalah 15,31 ton; 128,21 ton; dan 163,73 ton/ha berturut-turut untuk Cynodon sp., P. purpureum, dan P. purpureum Schum cv. Mott. Bahan kering dan nutrisi pakan P. purpureum Schum cv. Mott lebih tinggi dari Rumput Cynodon sp. dan Pennisetum purpureum. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa P. purpureum Schum cv. Mott yang diindtroduksi meningkatkan produksi dan nutrisi pakan ternak pada lahan perkebunan kelapa secara nyata dibanding tanaman pakan lokal Cynodon sp. dan P. purpureum. Pennisetum purpureum Schum cv. Mott dapat beradaptasi di bawah naungan kelapa dewasa.Kata kunci: Rumput gajah genjah, pakan dan nutrisi ternak sapi, lahan perkebunan kelapa. ABSTRACTCoconut plantation area in North Sulawesi is an ecological basis for cattle but lower in terms of productivity of feed d annutrients. This study aims to improve the productivity of feed and nutrient for beef cattle development in the coconut palm plantation through the introduction of superior forage P. purpureum Schum cv. Mott. The study was conducted from July 2012 to January 2013, in the Ongkaw Village, South Minahasa Regency, North Sulawesi. Coconut palms used in this study was 50 years-old tall coconuts with planting system of 9 m x 9 m at farmer plantation area. The research followed a completely randomized design with three treatments and three replications. The treatments tested were types of animal feed, which consists of (1). P. purpureum Schum cv. Mott (dwarf elephant grass), Cynodon sp. (native grass), and P. purpureum (forage elephant grass). Planting systems of livestock forage are 20 cm x 20 cm, for Cynodon sp. 100 cm x 50 cm for both P. purpureum Schum cv. Mott and P. purpureum. The first defoliation was done 70 days after planting, after that, the defoliation was done every 45 days. The result showed that the dry weight of animal feed/ha was 15.31 tons, 163.73 tons and 128.21 tons for Cynodon sp., P. purpureum Schum cv. Mott and P. purpureum, respectivel...

ANALISIS PRODUKSI RUMPUT GAJAH MINI (Pennisetum purpureum cv. Mott) DENGAN JARAK TANAM YANG BERBEDA

“…Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jarak tanam 50 x 75 menghasilkan anakan terbanyak yaitu 6.10 buah. Sementara hasil penelitian Paat, C et al (2012), menyatakan bahwa jumlah anakan rumput gajah mini yang dihasilkan adalah sebanyak 12 anakan. Sirait et al (2015) juga menambahkan bahwa jumlah anakan yang dihasilkan dari penelitiannya sebanyak 33 anakan.…”

Carrying capacity of maize as cattle feed in North Sulawesi, Indonesia

“…The content of carbohydrates in the form of extract material without Nitrogen (BETN) maize grains is about 80% while maize straw is only 48.90% [7]. Furthermore, the carrying capacity of 1 ha of annual fodder plant (perennial) dwarf elephant grass on coconut plantations is 46.78 AU, while king grass is 36.63 AU [5]. As in maize straw, King grass and dwarf elephant grass has a deficiency in carbohydrate content as an energy source, so if it is not recommended to be a single feed or complete feed.…”

“…The complete feed (concentrate) for beef cattle according to the Indonesian National Standards requires that the chemical composition of crude protein is at least 14% and TDN 65% for brooders and 12% for bulls or fattening cattle [7]. For this reason, if maize forage is used as the basic feed for beef cattle, it must be added with other feed ingredients from the protein and energy source group to achieve a TDN content of 65% For example, copra meal can be added in the feed formulation as a source of high protein and energy since contains 21-22% crude protein and 83% TDN [5] [17] Table 5 is shown the comparison of nutrient productivities of maize forage and elephant grass, whereas, the amount of forage nutrition production of maize forage per production cycle per ha is calculated by the product of the amount of dry matter yield in scenario 1 growing season per year (Table 2) and the nutrient content of maize plants (Table 4). When compared with one of the conventional superior forages such as elephant grass [7] it is clear that the alternative forage maize plants have advantages in terms of the amount of production of nutrients or nutrients needed by cattle.…”

“…Various studies have found that one of the dominant root problems is feed. The feed problems of cattle farming in North Sulawesi due to the habit of farmers generally applying traditional extensive-grazing system based on grazing land [5]. This kind of maintenance system is gradually under pressure because the dimensions of the grazing space are decreasing due to the incessant expansion of the area of food crops, industrial plants, etc.…”

PERBEDAAN JARAK TANAM TERHADAP PRODUKTIVITAS DEFOLIASI PERTAMA RUMPUT MOTT (Pennisetum purpureum cv. Mott

“…Untuk memenuhi kebutuhan tersebut, harus diimbangi dengan peningkatan produk yang dihasilkan oleh ternak. Peningkatan produksi ternak perlu didukung oleh pembibitan, tatalaksana pemeliharaan serta pemberian makanan yang baik (Paat dan Luice, 2012).…”