“…Some of these are Maria Motessori, Jean Piaget, Heinz von Foester, Jerome Bruner, Paul Watzlawick, Edgar Morin, Paulo Freire, John Dewey, Wladyslaw Strzeminski, Lev Vygotsky, George Kelly, Herbert Simon, Ernst von Glasersfeld, and Humberto Maturana (Affandi & Tantra, 2022;Anjini et al, 2022;Monica, 2023). Educational philosophies falling within the circle of constructivism examine learning difficulties, the complexity of educational management in terms of administration, evaluation and crossover with other disciplines (Andiny, 2020(Andiny, , 2023Angellyna, 2021;Angellyna & Tumbol, 2022;Dandung, Andiny, & Sulistyowati, 2022;Nugrahhu, Sulistyowati, Utami, & Ernest, 2023;Sulistyowati, Munte, Silipta, & Rudie, 2022;Sulistyowati, Nugrahhu, & Utami, 2021;Tamara, Ramada R, Saras, Ronaldo, & Abidondifu, 2022;Triadi, Pongoh, et al, 2022;Wulan, 2005;Wulan & Sanjaya, 2022). The philosophy allows the theory to look at teacher perceptions, teaching methods, curricular content, and trends in historical development of educational life.…”