“…It occurs in up to 1% of patients undergoing long-term dialysis, but sporadic instances in patients with end-stage renal failure have also been reported 1) . In addition to kidney failure, other risk factors include obesity, female sex, white race, liver disease, use of systemic corticosteroids, decreased albumin levels and elevated serum calcium-phosphorus products 2,3) . As in our case, the parathyroid hormone is often found to be abnormal.…”