Penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Chowdhury, Mitu; Khaliq, M.R.A.; Kambal, Abdelmageed M.

doi:10.1016/0924-8579(95)00018-4

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…A 1982 study from Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, showed 4% of H. influenzae isolates to be resistant to ampicillin. 10 This resistance increased to 15% in 1986 12 and 17% in 1994. 13 On the contrary, in this present series, overall ampicillin resistance was found in 10.7% of isolates.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Chloramphenicol resistance in Riyadh was 0.7% in 1982, 10 and increased to 5.5% in 1986 12 and 6.6% in 1994. 13 The 2.7% resistance to chloramphenicol seen in our series is comparable to those reported from Ireland 22 (3.7%) and South Africa 23 (3.4%), but higher than those reported from the UK 2 (0.8%) and Gambia 25 (1.6%).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…[7][8][9] It is therefore essential to recognize the incidence of antimicrobial resistance of this organism in a particular geographical area. In Saudi Arabia, there are very limited data on such antimicrobial resistance and some of these reports were based only on disc susceptibility; 10,11 even when MIC was performed, it was limited to a small number of antimicrobial agents by using different methodologies. 12,13 We therefore evaluated the susceptibility of H. influenzae to 10 selected antimicrobial agents at a major university hospital in Saudi Arabia and compared it with other series.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Susceptibility of Haemophilus Influenzae to Selected Antimicrobial Agents

1996

Ann Saudi Med

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Susceptibility of Haemophilus Influenzae to Selected Antimicrobial Agents

1996

Ann Saudi Med

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“…It is a leading cause of pneumonia, pyogenic meningitis, bacteremia and other infections. 1 The emergence of multiple drug resistance has complicated the empirical treatment of pneumococcal infection. 2 Incidence of invasive pneumococcal diseases was more prevalent in children younger than 5 years of age and elderly of more than 65 years of age.…”

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confidence: 99%

“… 2 Incidence of invasive pneumococcal diseases was more prevalent in children younger than 5 years of age and elderly of more than 65 years of age. 3 Despite the importance given to penicillin non-susceptibility, 1 , 4 – 6 it was found that there is no increase in mortality in patients with pneumococcal pneumonia. 7 , 8 …”

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confidence: 99%

Impact of the revised penicillin susceptibility breakpoints forStreptococcus pneumoniaeon antimicrobial resistance rates of meningeal and non-meningeal pneumococcal strains

2013

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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVESIn January 2008, the Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI) revised the Streptococcus pneumoniae breakpoints for penicillin to define the susceptibility of meningeal and nonmeningeal isolates. We studied the impact of these changes. In addition, the pneumococcal resistance rate to other antimicrobial agents was reviewed.DESIGN AND SETTINGLaboratory data on peumococcal isolates collected retrospectively from hospitalized children in tertiary care hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia from January 2006 to March 2012.PATIENTS AND METHODSOnly sterile samples were included from cerebrospinal fluids, blood, sterile body fluids and surgical tissue. Other samples such as sputum and non sterile samples were excluded. We included samples from children 14 years old or younger. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for penicillin, cefuroxime, ceftriaxone and meropenem were determined by using the E-test, while susceptibility to erythromycin, cotrimoxazole and vancomycin were measured using the disc diffusion methods following the guideline of CLSI.RESULTSSpecimens were analyzed in two different periods: from January 2006 to December 2007 and from January 2008 to March 2012. During the two periods there were 208 samples of which 203 were blood samples. Full penicillin resistance was detected in 6.6% in the first period. There was decrease in penicillin nonmeningeal resistance to 1.5% and an increase in resistance in penicillin meningeal 68.2% in the second period (P=.0001). There was an increase in rate of resistance among S pneumoniae isolates over the two periods to parenteral cefuroxime, erythromycin and cotrimoxazole by 34.6%, 35.5% and 51.9%, respectively. Total meropenem resistance found 4.3% and no vancomycin resistance was detected.CONCLUSIONSThe current study supports the use of the revised CLSI susceptibility breakpoints that promote using penicillin to treat nonmeningeal pneumococcal disease, and might slow the development of resistance to broader-spectrum antibiotics.

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