Antibiotic resistance and serotype distribution of invasive pneumococcal diseases before and after introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA)

Shibl, Atef M.; Memish, Ziad A.; Alkattan, Khaled

doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.07.030

Cited by 29 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…This serotype distribution differs from that observed in 2000-2004, when serotype 14 was the most common serotype in Saudi Arabian children, followed by 23F, 6B, and 19F [6]. The serotype distribution in the present study, which enrolled children with clinical symptoms is, however, similar to that identified from isolates collected as routine surveillance in 2005-2010, when serotype 23F was the most common, followed by 6B, 5 and 1 [18]. In 2010, serotype 23F was the most prevalent in Saudi Arabia, followed by 19F, 19A, 6B, 7F, 5 and 1 [18].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 89%

Epidemiology of invasive pneumococcal disease in Saudi Arabian children younger than 5 years of age

Al-Mazrou

Shibl

Alkhlaif

et al. 2015

JEGH

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This study evaluated the incidence, serotype distribution, and antimicrobial susceptibility of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in Saudi Arabian children. This multicenter, prospective, clinical surveillance study included children under 5years of age, residents of one of the seven study health areas, who were brought to a study hospital with suspicion of IPD. Bacterial isolates from sterile site samples, collected less than 24h after hospital visit/admission, were identified, serotyped, and tested for antibiotic susceptibility. Between June 2007 and January 2009, 631 episodes of suspected IPD were recorded, and 623 were included in the analysis. One child (0.2%) had previously received one dose of a pneumococcal vaccine. Forty-seven episodes were positive for Streptococcus pneumoniae and three for Haemophilus influenzae. The incidence of confirmed IPD cases was estimated to be 2.5-21.6 per 100,000 children (<5years). Among the 46 S. pneumoniae isolates serotyped and tested for antibiotic susceptibility, the most common serotypes were 5 and 23F (20% each), 6B (17%), and 1 and 14 (11% each). Sixty-three percent of isolates were multidrug-resistant. Vaccination of Saudi Arabian children with expanded-coverage conjugate pneumococcal vaccines containing serotypes 1 and 5 could have a substantial impact to prevent IPD in this population.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 89%

Epidemiology of invasive pneumococcal disease in Saudi Arabian children younger than 5 years of age

Al-Mazrou

Shibl

Alkhlaif

et al. 2015

JEGH

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“…Studies from other regions also found high rates of erythromycin resistance from 25-62%. [36][37][38] On the other hand, we found high susceptibilities to penicillin in non-meningeal isolates (91.8%) and fluoroquinolones (97.9-100.0%) but low susceptibility to penicillin in meningeal isolates (50.0%). The similar results was reported by the ANSORP study in 2008-2009 that found low resistance rates to penicillin among pneumococcal isolates caused non-meningeal IPD (3.9%) but high resistance (57.5%) among meningeal isolates.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

Changing trends in serotype distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility ofStreptococcus pneumoniaecausing invasive diseases in Central Thailand, 2009–2012

Phongsamart

Srifeungfung

Chatsuwan

et al. 2014

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics

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“…In Saudi Arabia, between 2005 and 2009, 66 and 62 % of clinical isolates from sterile sites in children were resistant to penicillin and erythromycin, respectively [99]. In another study conducted between 2007 and 2009, 47 cases of S. pneumoniae infection were identified as having a high level of resistance to penicillin and cotrimoxazole and a moderate resistance rate to chloramphenicol.…”

Section: Epidemiology Of Resistance In the Middle East Regionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a recent retrospective study [104], S. pneumoniae was the fourth most common keratitis-causing bacteria. In contrast to previous studies, where pneumococcal strains were isolated from sterile body sites such as cerebrospinal fluid, blood and synovial fluid [99][100][101][102], this study only included corneal isolates, and of these the pneumococcal strains expressed lower resistance rates to penicillin and erythromycin, although no resistance to FQ or vancomycin was observed.…”

Section: Epidemiology Of Resistance In the Middle East Regionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular mechanisms and epidemiology of resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae in the Middle East region

Moujaber

Osman

Rafei

et al. 2017

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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Purpose. Streptococcus pneumoniae is a commensal bacterium that normally colonizes the human nasopharyngeal cavity. Once disseminated, it can cause several diseases, ranging from non-invasive infections such as acute otitis media and sinusitis through to invasive infections with higher mortality, including meningitis and septicaemia. Since the identification of the first S. pneumoniae strain with decreased susceptibility to penicillin in the 1960s, antibiotic resistance among S. pneumoniae has increased disturbingly and the mechanisms of resistance have begun to unfold.Methodology. This work briefly reviewed the available data on the molecular mechanisms underlying antimicrobial resistance and its epidemiology among pneumococcal strains in Middle Eastern countries.Key findings. Both intrinsic and acquired mechanisms (mutations, acquisition of novel mobile genetic elements and sometimes gene duplication and overexpression) affect susceptibility to a large variety of antibiotics. In Middle Eastern countries, including Lebanon, Iran, Saudi Arabia and Turkey, surveillance showed a disturbing increase in the strength and prevalence of resistance to antibiotics over the years, especially in the last decade. However, no surveillance reports were found in other Middle Eastern countries, such as Syria and Iraq.Conclusion. In order to better survey, control and prevent the emergence of multidrug-and extremely drug-resistant S. pneumoniae strains, antimicrobial stewardship, national surveillance and public awareness programmes should be developed urgently in Middle Eastern countries.

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Antibiotic resistance and serotype distribution of invasive pneumococcal diseases before and after introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA)

Cited by 29 publications

References 11 publications

Epidemiology of invasive pneumococcal disease in Saudi Arabian children younger than 5 years of age

Epidemiology of invasive pneumococcal disease in Saudi Arabian children younger than 5 years of age

Changing trends in serotype distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility ofStreptococcus pneumoniaecausing invasive diseases in Central Thailand, 2009–2012

Molecular mechanisms and epidemiology of resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae in the Middle East region

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