Penicillin resistance and serotypes/serogroups of Streptococcus pneumoniae in nasopharyngeal carrier children younger than 2 years in Lima, Peru

Ochoa, Theresa J.; Rupa, Roció; Guerra, Humberto; Hernández, Herminio; Chaparro, Eduardo; Tamariz, Jesús; Wanger, Audrey; Mason, Edward O.

doi:10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2004.12.014

Cited by 22 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Virulence of S. pneumoniae is mainly associated with the presence of capsular polysaccharides, which usually exhibit differences in size, composition, antiphagocytic properties and serotypespecific immunogenicity. There are more than 90 pneumococcal serotypes, but less than a dozen are responsible for most of the infections (Ochoa et al, 2005). Although penicillin has long been the mainstay of treatment of pneumococcal infections, the prevalence of penicillin resistance has been increasing worldwide.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Serotype distribution and antimicrobial resistance patterns of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated in Tunisia

Rachdi

Boubaker

Mahjoubi-Rhimi

et al. 2011

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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confidence: 99%

“…Although penicillin has long been the mainstay of treatment of pneumococcal infections, the prevalence of penicillin resistance has been increasing worldwide. Penicillin resistance is usually associated with resistance to other antibiotics and poses a well-documented risk of therapeutic failure (Ochoa et al, 2005).…”

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confidence: 99%

Serotype distribution and antimicrobial resistance patterns of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated in Tunisia

Rachdi

Boubaker

Mahjoubi-Rhimi

et al. 2011

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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“…Estudios previos en niños portadores sanos de Lima reportaron 5% de cepas resistentes a la penicilina en 1997 (20) ; 15% en el 2000 y 2001 (12,13) ; 36 y 37% en el 2003 y 2004, respectivamente (12,23) ; y 47% en el 2008 (24) . En estudios en pacientes con enfermedad neumococcica invasiva en el Perú se reportó 3% de resistencia a la penicilina en adultos en 1994 (25) ; 27% en niños en el 2000 (14) ; y 23% en el 2008 (5) .…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…La resistencia se puede deber a mutaciones genéticas repetidas de la bacteria y por presión selectiva por el uso indiscriminado de antibióticos (9,10) . En nuestro país los niveles de resistencia en portadores nasofaríngeos de S. pneumoniae a la penicilina han ido aumentando; sin embargo, los estudios se han limitado principalmente a Lima (11)(12)(13)(14) .…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Resistencia antibiótica de Streptococcus pneumoniae en portadores nasofaríngeos sanos de siete regiones del Perú

Velásquez

Mercado

Egoavil

et al. 2014

Rev Peru Med Exp Salud Publica

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Objetivos. Determinar el patrón de susceptibilidad antibiótica de cepas de Streptococcus pneumoniae aisladas de portadores nasofaríngeos sanos menores de 2 años de siete regiones del Perú. Materiales y métodos. Entre el 2007 y 2009 se tomaron muestras de hisopado nasofaríngeo a 2123 niños sanos entre 2 y 24 meses de edad en los consultorios de crecimiento y desarrollo (CRED) y vacunación de hospitales y centros de salud de Lima, Piura, Cusco, Abancay, Arequipa, Huancayo, e Iquitos. Se determinó la resistencia a diez antibióticos mediante la prueba de disco-difusión de las cepas de neumococo aisladas. Resultados. Se aislaron 572 cepas. Se encontró altas tasas de resistencia a cotrimoxazol (58%); penicilina (52,2% no-sensibles); tetraciclina (29,1%); azitromicina (28,9%), y eritromicina (26,3%). La resistencia a cloranfenicol fue baja (8,8%). Se encontró 29,5% de multirresistencia. La resistencia a la azitromicina y a la penicilina fue diferente en las siete regiones (p<0,05), hallándose el mayor porcentaje de cepas no-sensibles a penicilina en Arequipa (63,6%), mientras que el menor fue en Cusco (23,4%). Conclusiones. Los elevados niveles de resistencia encontrados para penicilina, cotrimoxazol y macrólidos en cepas de neumococo aisladas de portadores sanos en todas las regiones estudiadas, y su asociación con uso previo de antibióticos, representan un importante problema de salud pública en nuestro país. Esto resalta la necesidad de implementar, a nivel nacional, estrategias para disminuir el uso irracional de antibióticos, sobre todo en la población pediátrica. Es necesario complementar los datos de resistencia a penicilina con la determinación de la concentración mínima inhibitoria para hacer las recomendaciones terapéuticas respectivas. Palabras clave: Streptococcus pneumoniae; Farmacorresistencia microbiana; Portador sano; Lactante (fuente DeCS BIREME). ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE OF Streptococcus pneumoniae AMONG HEALTHY NASOPHARYNGEAL CARRIERS IN SEVEN REGIONS OF PERU ABSTRACTObjectives. To determine the pattern of antibiotic susceptibility of isolated Streptococcus pneumoniae strains of healthy nasopharyngeal carriers younger than 2 years in seven regions of Peru. Materials and methods. Between 2007 and 2009, nasopharyngeal swab samples were collected among 2123 healthy children aged 2-24 months in growth and development medical practices (CRED) and vaccination offices of hospitals and health centers in Lima, Piura, Cusco, Abancay, Arequipa, Huancayo, and Iquitos. The resistance to ten antibiotics through disk diffusion sensitivity testing of isolated pneumococcus strains was determined. Results. 572 strains were isolated. High rates of resistance to co-trimoxazole (58%), penicillin (52.2% non-sensitive); tetracycline (29,1%); azithromycin (28,9%), and erythromycin (26,3%). Resistance to chloramphenicol was low (8.8%). Multiresistance was found at 29.5%. Resistance to azithromycin and penicillin was different in all seven regions (p<0,05), the highest percentage of non-sensitive strains being found in Arequipa ...

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“…These serotypes causing invasive diseases differ from country to country. The role of these serotypes and their follow up are essential for development of the new generation of conjugate vaccines (6). and elderly patients (11,12,13,14).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

FRI0292 Efficacy of A Conjugated Pneumococcus Vaccine in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients Treated with Etanercept

Rákóczi¹,

Perge

Végh

et al. 2014

Ann Rheum Dis

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Objectives: To prospectively evaluate the immunogenicity of a 13-valent conjugated pneumococcal vaccine (PCV13) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients undergoing etanercept therapy. Methods: Twenty-two RA patients treated with etanercept (ETA) in combination with methotrexate (MTX) (n=15) or monotherapy (n=7) for at least one year were included. Altogether 24 osteoarthritis patients not receiving biological or MTX therapy, treating only NSAIDs or analgesics served as controls. All subjects were vaccinated with a single dose (0.5 ml) of the PCV13. Pneumococcal antibody levels at baseline, 4 and 8 weeks were assessed by a VaccZymeTM Anti-PCP IgG Enzyme Immunoassay Kit. Based on recommendations of the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology, an at least twofold increase in antibody level, as the protective antibody response (pAR) was an indicator of responsiveness (i.e., ratio of postvaccination and prevaccination antibody levels). The antibody levels and their ratios were analysed in a variety of different ways, vaccine safety parameters (fever, infections, changes in regular antirheumatic treatments) were assessed at baseline, 4 and 8 weeks after vaccination. Results: Four weeks after vaccination, the anti-pneumococcal antibody levels significantly increased in both groups. At week 8, antibody levels somewhat decreased in both groups, however, still remained significantly higher compared to baseline. Compared with postvaccination levels at 4 and 8 weeks between two groups, the mean protective antibody levels were higher in control group (1st month p=0.016; 2nd month: p=0.039). Possible predictors of pAR were analysed by logistic regression model. In RA, increases of antibody levels at week 8 compared to baseline exerted a negative correlation with age, (Spearman's R=-0,431; p=0.045). There were no clinically significant side effects or reaction after administration of vaccine observed in any of these patients after the 2-month follow-up period, all patients medical condition were stable. Conclusions: In RA patients treated with ETA, vaccination with PCV13 is effective and safe, resulting in pAR one and two months after vaccination. Higher age at vaccination was identified as predictors of impaired pAR. The efficacy of vaccination may be more pronounced in younger RA patients. The vaccine is safe in RA patients on ETA. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64

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Penicillin resistance and serotypes/serogroups of Streptococcus pneumoniae in nasopharyngeal carrier children younger than 2 years in Lima, Peru

Cited by 22 publications

References 20 publications

Serotype distribution and antimicrobial resistance patterns of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated in Tunisia

Serotype distribution and antimicrobial resistance patterns of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated in Tunisia

Resistencia antibiótica de Streptococcus pneumoniae en portadores nasofaríngeos sanos de siete regiones del Perú

FRI0292 Efficacy of A Conjugated Pneumococcus Vaccine in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients Treated with Etanercept

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