Penicillin pharmacokinetics in kwashiorkor

Buchanan, N.; R, Robinson; Koornhof, H J; Eyberg, C

doi:10.1093/ajcn/32.11.2233

Cited by 28 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…21,[26][27][28][29] Characteristics of pharmacokinetic studies are detailed in Table 3, Table 4 and Table 5. [30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48] All included studies refer to children with SAM unless otherwise stated.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Antibiotics in severely malnourished children: systematic review of efficacy, safety and pharmacokinetics

Lazzerini

Tickell

2011

Bull. World Health Organ.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…30,32,35 However, the side-effects of amoxicillin are predominantly idiosyncratic, with minimal dose-related toxicity.…”

Section: Systematic Reviewsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibiotics in severely malnourished children: systematic review of efficacy, safety and pharmacokinetics

Lazzerini

Tickell

2011

Bull. World Health Organ.

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“…In the present study, it was found to be 123 + 72% in the acute phase of kwashiorkor and 109 + 11.6% on recovery; the reasons for high bioavailability values in this study are unclear. Previous data from this laboratory have shown that intramuscular penicillin bioavailability is unimpaired in kwashiorkor except in the presence of gross oedema (Buchanan, Robinson, Koornhof & Eyberg, 1979).…”

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confidence: 77%

“…Cl CU o described for penicillin (Buchanan Robinson et al, 1979) and for gentamicin (Buchanan, Davis & Eyberg, 1979 (Brogden et al, 1979), frequently by infusion over 20-30 min. This was not possible in the present study, due to the extreme difficulty of maintaining an i.v.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cefoxitin: intravenous pharmacokinetics and intramuscular bioavailability in kwashiorkor.

Buchanan¹,

Mithal²,

Witcomb³

1980

Brit J Clinical Pharma

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“…1 in underweight patients (74) . Drug clearance is also reduced in PCM for chloramphenicol, penicillin, quinine and isoniazid (51,53,(75)(76)(77)(78) . The additive influence of acute infection on drug disposition may also play a distinct role (79,80) .…”

Section: Antimicrobial Examplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drug disposition in obesity and protein–energy malnutrition

Boullata

2010

Proc. Nutr. Soc.

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Clinical response to medication can differ between patients. Among the known sources of variability is an individual's nutrition status. This review defines some pharmacokinetic terms, provides relevant body size metrics and describes the physiologic influences of protein-energy malnutrition and obesity on drug disposition. Weight-based drug dosing, which presumes a healthy BMI, can be problematic in the protein-energy malnourished or obese patient. The use of total body weight, lean body weight, or an adjusted body weight depends on the drug and how it is differently handled in malnutrition or obesity. Most of the recognized influences are seen in drug distribution and drug elimination as a result of altered body composition and function. Distribution characteristics of each drug are determined by several drug-related factors (e.g. tissue affinity) in combination with body-related factors (e.g. composition). Drug elimination occurs through metabolic and excretory pathways that can also vary with body composition. The current data are limited to select drugs that have been reported in small studies or case reports. In the meantime, a rational approach to evaluate the potential influences of malnutrition and obesity can be used clinically based on available information. Antimicrobials are discussed as a useful example of this approach. Further advancement in this field would require collaboration between experts in body composition and those in drug disposition. Until more data are available, routine monitoring by the clinician of the protein-energy malnourished or obese patient receiving weight-based drug regimens is necessary.Drug: Obesity: Protein-energy malnutrition: Pharmacokinetics: Drug-nutrient interactionThe clinical variability that exists among patients is wellrecognized by most clinicians. This inter-individual variability includes the response to a drug which can be accounted for by a number of factors. Appropriate patient care requires an appreciation of the factors that influence the disposition and effect of medication. As used here, the term disposition refers to the absorption, distribution and elimination of a drug; while the term effect reflects the physiologic action of the drug at the target tissue or cell. The sources of variability that influence medication are numerous and include age, life stage, sex, genotype, disease state and nutrition status (1) . The latter is the focus of this review and encompasses primary protein-energy malnutrition (PCM) and obesity.The influence that nutrition status can have on drug disposition and effect is included as one of the five broad categories in the classification of drug-nutrient interactions (2,3)

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Penicillin pharmacokinetics in kwashiorkor

Cited by 28 publications

References 8 publications

Antibiotics in severely malnourished children: systematic review of efficacy, safety and pharmacokinetics

Antibiotics in severely malnourished children: systematic review of efficacy, safety and pharmacokinetics

Cefoxitin: intravenous pharmacokinetics and intramuscular bioavailability in kwashiorkor.

Drug disposition in obesity and protein–energy malnutrition

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