Cefoxitin: intravenous pharmacokinetics and intramuscular bioavailability in kwashiorkor.

Buchanan, N.; Mithal, Y; Witcomb, M

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.1980.tb01093.x

Cited by 14 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 8 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Other drugs that are primarily metabolised by the liver had increased half-lives in association with PEM [28,29,31,54] This was probably because most of these drugs are rarely metabolised as they are known to be eliminated unchanged via the kidneys [61]. Decreased total clearance was, however, demonstrated for two drugs [19,47,53] and in view of the small number of drugs studied (six), it is impossible to draw firm conclusions about the effect of PEM on renal drug elimination. Further studies may therefore be required.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Section: Page 32 Of 52 European Journal Of Clinical Pharmacologymentioning

confidence: 85%

“…The total CL of two drugs only was significantly decreased [19,47,53]. The t½ of one of the drugs, cefoxitin, was not significantly increased in association with a significantly decreased CL in kwashiorkor [53]. One study documented a significant decrease in the total CL in association with a non-significant increase in t½ of penicillin in all categories of PEM [19].…”

Section: Protein Binding and Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

A systematic review of pharmacokinetics studies in children with protein-energy malnutrition

Oshikoya

Sammons

Choonara

2010

Eur J Clin Pharmacol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Section: Page 32 Of 52 European Journal Of Clinical Pharmacologymentioning

confidence: 85%

Section: Protein Binding and Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A systematic review of pharmacokinetics studies in children with protein-energy malnutrition

Oshikoya

Sammons

Choonara

2010

Eur J Clin Pharmacol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…However, the apparent serum half-life is shorter in children 2-11 years of age than in adults and approaches 3 h in premature infants and neonates (WARREN et al 1979;Roos et al 1979;MARGET et al 1979;WILKINSON et al 1979;FELDMAN et al 1980;OLEGARD et al 1979). BUCHANAN et al (1980) noted no large differences in the disposition of cefoxitin in children during kwashiorkor and after the disease was cured.…”

Section: Cefoxitinmentioning

confidence: 91%

Pharmacokinetics of β-Lactam Antibiotics

Kwan¹

1983

Antibiotics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…The same investigators (Buchanan et al 1980d) examined the kinetics of cefoxitin, a iJ-Iactam antibiotic, in children with kwashiorkor with a mean age of 28 ± 12.2 months. The half-life in the {3 phase was 29.2 ± 3.6 minutes on admission, with no significant change on recovery (28.4 ± 4.6 minutes).…”

Section: Penicillin and Cefoxitinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics in Malnourished Children

Krishnaswamy

1989

Clinical Pharmacokinetics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Malnutrition is a complex condition in which many deficiencies occur simultaneously. Protein-energy malnutrition is a major public health and clinical problem in paediatric practice that accounts for high child mortality and morbidity. It includes many different clinical syndromes with protean manifestations.The malnourished often have several concomitant diseases; drugs are therefore as widely used as in the well-nourished. The pathophysiological profile in malnutrition can alter pharmacokinetic processes, drug responses and toxicity. This review summarises the available knowledge on nutrient-drug interactions in malnourished children.Although there is much evidence in the literature that diet and nutritional status are 2 important environmental variables determining the pharmacotoxicological properties of chemicals, there are few data on humans. Recently, intense effort has been initially directed at studying drug kinetics in grade III malnutrition, namely kwashiorkor and marasmus. Studies on drugs and nutrients indicate delayed or decreased absorption, reduced protein binding of several drugs, fluctuations in volume of distribution, altered hepatic oxidative drug biotransformations and conjugations, reduced elimination of conjugates and reduced elimination of renally excreted drugs. The estimated steady-state levels of a few drugs suggest accumulation. Bioavailability problems with certain drugs are due to divergent effects of pharmacokinetic processes. Clinical risk of toxicity appears to be higher in malnourished children. Rehabilitation studies suggest that a number of these pharmacological abnormalities can be reversed.The majority of studies have concentrated on single-dose pharmacokinetics in severely malnourished children. A number of abnormalities seen in drug disposition during the' acute phase Qf malnutrition need to be confirmed for other grades of malnutrition. For practical purposes, it is important to consider steady-state levels and data in mild and moderate forms of growth-retarded children; drug-induced nutritional deficiencies can occur more easily in these populations. Although some of the drugs described in this review have been in use for many years, knowledge on drug response and toxicity is still only approximate. There is at present enough evidence to support monitoring plasma drug concentrations in malnourished children, particularly for those drugs which have dosedependent kinetics and narrow margins of safety.The metabolism and disposition of xenobiotics seem to vary widely in children with protein-energy malnutrition. Therapeutic inadequacies and toxicities need careful evaluation in malnourished children.

show abstract

Cefoxitin: intravenous pharmacokinetics and intramuscular bioavailability in kwashiorkor.

Cited by 14 publications

References 8 publications

A systematic review of pharmacokinetics studies in children with protein-energy malnutrition

A systematic review of pharmacokinetics studies in children with protein-energy malnutrition

Pharmacokinetics of β-Lactam Antibiotics

Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics in Malnourished Children

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About