A systematic review of pharmacokinetics studies in children with protein-energy malnutrition

Oshikoya, Kazeem Adeola; Sammons, Helen; Choonara, Imti

doi:10.1007/s00228-010-0851-0

Cited by 67 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Studies have shown a significant decrease in the quality and quantity of metabolizing enzymes of non-HIV infected children with severe malnutrition [16,17], suggesting their potential risks for drug toxicity. Considering the lack of data on metabolism of ARV drugs in malnourished children, HIV-infected children who are malnourished may be at higher risk of adverse drug events than their well-nourished counterparts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adverse Events in HIV- infected Children on Antiretroviral Therapy at a Teaching Hospital in Lagos, Nigeria: A Retrospective Study

Oshikoya¹

2012

Adv Pharmacoepidem Drug Safety

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Background: Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) program requires adequate monitoring of the potential adverse events to the antiretroviral (ARV) drugs. We investigated the ARV drug combinations prescribed for HIV-infected children and their suspected adverse events.Methods: This is a retrospective and descriptive study involving HIV-infected children less than 15 years old who received treatment at the APIN clinic, Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH) in Nigeria. The case files of 80 patients initiated on HAART, between January 2008 and December 2009, were reviewed. Their demographics, clinical details and medication use, the prescribed HAART regimen, and the suspected clinical and laboratory adverse events were extracted. Results:The patients were female (46; 57.5%) preponderant with a median age of 3 (IQR: 1.1-6.0) years. Zidovudine-lamivudine-nevirapine (AZT-3TC-NVP) combination (74; 92.5%) was the most frequently prescribed first-line regimen. Thirty three patients changed their first-line HAART to abacavir-lamivudine-lopinavir boosted with ritonavir (ABC-3TC-LVP/r) (11; 33.3%), and zidovudine-lamivudine-abacavir-lopinavir boosted with ritonavir (AZT-3TC-ABC-LVP/r) (8; 24.2%) combinations. Of the 80 patients included in the study, 38(47.7%) experienced 142 adverse events. The most frequently experienced clinical adverse events were nevirapine-induced skin rashes (93; 65.5%), vomiting (19; 13.4%), and pallor (12; 8.5%). Macrocytosis (22/72; 30.6%), anaemia (6/72; 8.3%), and thrombocytopenia (2/72; 2.8%) were the commonest haematological adverse events associated with zidovudine. Conclusions:The HAART regimens used for HIV-infected children in this study have a good safety profile. Their few adverse events suggest a need for prospective pharmacovigilance to effectively monitor the toxicities of ARV drugs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adverse Events in HIV- infected Children on Antiretroviral Therapy at a Teaching Hospital in Lagos, Nigeria: A Retrospective Study

Oshikoya¹

2012

Adv Pharmacoepidem Drug Safety

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“…Nevertheless, since its implementation, few studies on AS+AQ efficacy have been carried out [8][9][10], and none of them took into account the patients' nutritional state. Nevertheless it has been often reported that both malnutrition and malaria affect antimalarial disposition [11,12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of Artesunate Plus Amodiaquine for Treatment of Uncomplicated Clinical Falciparum Malaria in Severely Malnourished Children Aged 6–59 Months, Democratic Republic of Congo

Mitangala-Ndeba¹,

D’Alessandro

Hennart³

et al. 2013

J Clin Exp Pathol

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“…These observations, partly explains anti-inflammatory activity of the plant extract reported in the early study (Park et al, 2011). The apparent increase in monocytosis is a direct consequence of the physiological effect of the polyphenols, which is one of the phytochemicals present in the extract (Park et al, 2011;Oshikoya et al, 2010). Also, (Park et al, 2011) had recorded that plant polyphenols are known to stimulate monocytes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…Hepatoprotection, exhibited by adaptogens is general related to the presence of the constituents with antioxidant properties (Panossian and Wikman, 2009). The extract had earlier been reported as hepatoprotective (Ojogbane et al, 2011a) and inflammatory (Oshikoya et al, 2010;Ojogbane et al, 2011b). These pharmacological properties, attributed principally to its biflavonoids constituents (Ojogbane and Nwodo, 2010) are believed to be related to its antioxidative activity and the ability to increase immunity in general.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

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ADAPTOGENIC POTENTIALS OF <i>CYPHOSTEMMA GLAUCOPHILLA</i> AQUEOUS LEAF EXTRACT

Eleojo.¹

2013

American Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology

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Cytophostemma glaucophilla aqueous extract is used in Kogi and Kwara States of Nigeria to treat Kwashiorkor and to boost immunity. As part of the effort to evaluate its effect on stress, it was screened for adaptogenic potentials. This investigation was conducted using albino rats to determine the ability of this plant to increase non specific resistance against physical, biological and chemical stressors. Showed that, the extract significantly (p<0.05) and dose dependently protected the rats from cold immobilization induced stress ulcers; the extract inhibited ulceration by 21.30% at a dose of 100 mg kg −1 and 56.09% at a dose of 500 mg kg −1 when compared with the control treatments (0.85% NaCl; 5 mL kg). The extract protected the animals from bacterial induced mortality and morbidity and significantly (p<0.05) reduced infectioninduced leucocytosis in the rats and also alleviated the hepatic degenerative changes associated with ciprofloxaxin. Findings have shown remarkable ability of the extract to increase non specific resistance to physical, biological and chemical stressors and could qualify as an adaptogen.

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A systematic review of pharmacokinetics studies in children with protein-energy malnutrition

Cited by 67 publications

References 53 publications

Adverse Events in HIV- infected Children on Antiretroviral Therapy at a Teaching Hospital in Lagos, Nigeria: A Retrospective Study

Adverse Events in HIV- infected Children on Antiretroviral Therapy at a Teaching Hospital in Lagos, Nigeria: A Retrospective Study

Efficacy of Artesunate Plus Amodiaquine for Treatment of Uncomplicated Clinical Falciparum Malaria in Severely Malnourished Children Aged 6–59 Months, Democratic Republic of Congo

ADAPTOGENIC POTENTIALS OF <i>CYPHOSTEMMA GLAUCOPHILLA</i> AQUEOUS LEAF EXTRACT

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