Pengetahuan Pengaruhi Sikap dan Tindakan Mahasiswa terhadap Program Pencegahan Thalassemia di Indonesia

Abstract

Abstrak
 Pengetahuan, sikap dan tindakan yang baik oleh tenaga kesehatan seperti dokter dalam upaya strategi pencegahan thalassemia sangat diperlukan, karena dokter yang berperan sebagai penyampai informasi kepada masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat pengetahuan, sikap dan tindakan mahasiswa kedokteran tentang pencegahan thalassemia. Penelitian dengan pendekatan cross sectional study ini melibatkan 96 mahasiswa angkatan tahun I s.d IV, di Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Muhammadiyah Semarang antara bulan April-Juni 2018. Analisis pengetahuan, sikap, tindakan terhadap thalasemia menggunakan kuesioner. Skor tiap angkatan dibandingkan dengan uji Kruskal wallis, hubungan antara skor sikap, tindakan dengan pengetahuan diuji dengan regresi linier sederhana. Sebanyak 42,7 % mahasiswa memiliki pengetahuan yang baik, mayoritas memiliki sikap yang positif (72,9%), tindakan yang baik (91,7%). Sebagian besar (70,8%) memiliki rencana untuk memeriksakan status karier thalassemia, namun lebih memilih menunda pemeriksaan sampai saat akan menikah (58,3%). Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan (P=0,023) antara sikap dengan pengetahuan dan antara tindakan dengan pengetahuan (p=0,039). Mahasiswa memiliki pengetahuan, sikap dan tindakan yang baik tentang pencegahan thalassemia serta tingkat pengetahuan mempengaruhi sikap dan tindakan mahasiswa.
 
 Abstract
 Adequate knowledge, attitudes and practice by health workers such as doctors in thalassemia prevention strategies are needed, because doctors as informers to the public. This study aims to determine knowledge, attitudes and practice of medical students about thalassemia. This study was a cross sectional study involving 96 students from grade year I to IV, at the Faculty of Medicine, University of Muhammadiyah Semarang between April-June 2018. Analysis of knowledge, attitudes, practice against thalassemia used a questionnaire. The score of each grade was compared using Kruskal Wallis, relationship between attitude, practice with knowledge was analyzed with simple linear regression. A total of 42.7% of students had good knowledge, the majority had a positive attitude (72.9%), good practice (91.7%). Most (70.8%) had plans to check thalassemia career status, but prefered to postpone until get married (58.3%). There was a significant relationship (p = 0.023) between attitudes with knowledge and between practice with knowledge (p = 0.039). Students have good knowledge, attitudes and practice and level of knowledge influences their attitudes and practice.

Cross-sectional study on knowledge, attitude and practice towards thalassaemia among Indonesian youth

“…The number of KAP studies on thalassaemia in Indonesia is still very limited, but this study’s findings were consistent with those from a previous study among high school students in Pontianak City, West Kalimantan, Indonesia 25. Even among medical students in Indonesia, who were expected to have significantly more knowledge of the disease, Dewanto et al and Tursinawati et al found that only 21.1% and 42.7% of their subjects, respectively, had good knowledge 26 27. From our survey, most respondents already knew the basic definition of thalassaemia, which is a blood disorder caused by abnormalities in red blood cells that has an autosomal recessive inheritance pattern.…”

Knowledge Level about Thalassemia among High School Students in Pontianak City, West Kalimantan, Indonesia

“…17 Respondents from natural science major have gained an understanding of the basis of genetic science and related diseases so that they have better level of knowledge than respondents from other majors. 15,18 Someone who has a background in natural science tends to have an interest in the field of science in choosing reading material or sources of information so that the opportunity to be exposed to information especially in thalassemia is greater. 19 This tendency can make respondents from a scientific background have a better level of knowledge.…”

“…15 Majors in high school make difference opportunity between natural science and social science students who do not discuss basic genetic science in the curriculum to get exposure of information about thalassemia. 18 Most respondents who have health-related backgrounds received information from books. 30 Ahmed said respondents who were not from science or health backgrounds received information mostly from television (36%), friends (32%) and social media (24%).…”

Pendampingan Keterampilan Mengenali dan Mencegah Thalassemia Pada Masyarakat

“…Dengan demikian, masyarakat dapat menghindari perkawinan sesama pembawa sifat thalasemia. [4] Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat pada daerah dengan angka prevalensi thalassemia tinggi dengan cara melakukan kegiatan pendampingan kepada masyarakat cara mengenali dan mencegah thalassemia.…”

“…Dengan demikian, masyarakat dapat menghindari perkawinan sesama pembawa sifat thalasemia atau dapat mempersiapkan diri lebih baik bila kemungkinan melahirkan anak thalassemia. [4] Gambar 2. Suasana Kegiatan Pengabdian Masyarakat (a) Penyuluhan (b) Diskusi dan Evaluasi Kegiatan penyuluhan dan demonstrasi kesehatan dalam kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini telah meningkatkan pengetahuan dan keterampilan masyarakat tentang cara pengenalan dan pencegahan thalassemia secara sederhana.…”