Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Teripang Berbasis Masyarakat Di Kampung Malaumkarta, Kabupaten Sorong, Papua Barat

Abstract

Pengelolaan sumberdaya alam dan lingkungan berbasis masyarakat, di berbagai tempat di dunia, dalam skala tertentu dan di tengah keterbatasan negara, telah banyak disebutkan sebagai satu bentuk pengelolaan yang mampu menjamin keberlanjutan sumberdaya alam dan lingkungan yang dikelola. Sejalan dengan gagasan tersebut, artikel ini menguraikan hasil kajian tentang salah satu sistem pengelolaan berbasis masyarakat dalam pengelolaan sumberdaya perikanan (teripang) pada salah satu komunitas warga yang berada di kawasan pesisir utara Papua yang disebut dengan Egek. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Metode kualitatif digunakan untuk mendeskripsikan sistem egek yang dipraktikkan secara kolektif oleh warga masyarakat dalam pengelolaan sumberdaya perikanan. Selain itu, studi ini juga megumpulkan data perikanan teripang yaitu (1) Distribusi Ukuran Panjang, (2) Kepadatan Populasi dan (3) Keanekaragaman jenis dengan menggunakan metode kuantitatif untuk mengetahui kondisi sumberdaya teripang yang dikelola oleh masyarakat. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa sistem pengelolaan sumberdaya perikanan berbasis masyarakat di Kampung Malaumkarta telah memenuhi unsur pengelolaan yang baik dimana telah terdapat batasan wilayah pengelolaan, sistem aturan dan sanksi, hak pemanfaatan, sistem monitoring dan otoritas kelembagaan. Hal ini tentu berdampak positif terhadap kelestarian sumberdaya perikanan teripang yang merupakan salah satu objek biota egek dimana nilai keanekaragamannya masuk dalam kategori sedang yaitu 1,48 dengan kepadatan populasi masuk kategori baik yaitu 223,2 ind/ha dengan sebaran ukuran individu teripang didominasi pada ukuran dewasa yang sudah layak untuk dipanen yaitu ukuran >30 cm mencapai 68%.Community-based natural resource management, in various places in the world, on a certain scale and in the midst of state limitations, has been widely mentioned as a form of management that is able to ensure the sustainability of the natural resources and the environment being managed. In line with this idea, this article describes the results of a study on a community-based management system in the management of fishery resources (sea cucumbers) in a community of residents in the northern coastal area of Papua called “Egek”. This research uses qualitative and quantitative methods. Qualitative methods are used to describe the egek system that is practiced collectively by community members in the management of fishery resources. In addition, this study also collects data on sea cucumber fisheries, namely (1) Length Size Distribution, (2) Population Density and (3) Species diversity using quantitative methods to determine the condition of sea cucumber resources managed by the community. The results of the study show that, the community-based fisheries resources management system in Malaumkarta village has fulfilled the elements of good management where there are management boundaries, a system of rules and sanctions, utilization rights, monitoring systems and institutional authorities. This certainly has a positive impact on the sustainability of sea cucumber fisheries resources which is one of the objects of “Egek” where the diversity value is in the moderate category, namely 1.48 with a population density in the good category of 223.2 ind/ha with the distribution of individual sea cucumbers being dominated by adult size that are already good for harvesting, i.e. > 30 cm in size reach 68%.

Karakteristik kimia dan aktivitas antioksidan teripang (Holothuria sp.) segar dan olahan secara tradisional di Papua Barat

“…Teripang ditemukan dan divalidasi sebanyak 46 jenis di perairan Indonesia dan beberapa spesies ditemukan di daerah perairan Papua Barat. Keanekaragaman teripang yang ditemukan di perairan Malaum Karta, Papua Barat terdiri atas 6 spesies, yaitu Holothuria atra, Holothuria fuscogilva, Holothuria nobilis, Holothuria edulis, Pearsonothuria graeffei, dan Bohadschia argus (Arafat et al, 2022). Teripang di daerah Papua dijual dalam bentuk kering dan memiliki nilai ekonomi yang beragam tergantung dari spesiesnya.…”

“…Hasil penelitian sebelumnya melaporkan ukuran panjang maksimum teripang jenis H. atra bisa mencapai 45 cm dengan berat 1 kg (Sadili et al, 2015). Penelitian lain menunjukkan teripang yang ditemukan di Kampung Malaumkarta, Kabupaten Sorong Papua Barat umumnya memiliki ukuran tubuh di bawah 30 cm (Arafat et al, 2022).…”

Philosophy of Egek Culture from the Moi Tribe of Papua in Exposing the Concept of Environmental Accounting: A Phenomenological Study

“…The cultural system in Papua, especially Moi Tribe is closely related to conservation and preservation of nature in the form of local wisdom known as 'Egek', which in the Moi language means prohibition (Triyanti et al, 2020). According to Arafat et al (2022), thes system of Egek is a resource management system considered as common property resources located in an area regarded as the customary territory of a community group. Egek regulates when resources are permitted to be harvested, including who is allowed to harvest them, and when harvesting is prohibited.…”

The Culture of the Moi Kelim Indigenous People in Malaumkarta: Development theory and Energy Self-Reliance

“…Legally, egek is contained in Regent Regulation Number 7 of 2017 concerning Customary Law and Local Wisdom in the Management and Protection of Marine Resources in Malaumkarta Village, Makbon District, Sorong Regency. Thus, the Moi community has the right to manage water areas as customary management areas (Arafat et al, 2022).…”

“…Meanwhile, the sasi/egek management area stretches from the west coast in the Klamiwin, Klabo, and Kalatebe areas to the east coast in the Klagin area. From the coast, the boundaries of the sasi/egek management area extend to Um Island to the coral reef area around it (Arafat et al, 2022). The community is imaginatively described, as shown in Figure 3.…”