Pengaruh Struktur Kepemilikan Perusahaan Terhadap Tax Avoidance Di Indonesia Dengan Corporate Governance Sebagai Variabel Moderasi

Abstract

Tax avoidance is a strategy that companies can take to reduce their tax payments. The purpose of this study is to look at the effects of family, foreign, and government ownership on tax avoidance. This study also tries to identify the effect of corporate governance on tax avoidance by companies with family, foreign, and government ownership. 
 Corporate governance is seen from the existence of multiple large shareholders (MLS), independent commissioners, and audit quality by BIG 4-affiliated public accounting firms. Tax avoidance is measured using the effective tax ratio (ETR) and book tax different (BTD). The population of this study is a company listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2017-2019. The research sample was selected using purposive sampling technique which resulted in 141 companies for analysis. 
 The results of this study indicate that family, foreign, and government ownership have a positive effect on tax avoidance. The existence of MLS in companies with family and foreign ownership causes a negative effect on tax avoidance. The existence of auditors from KAP Big 4 does not reduce the possibility of companies with family, foreign and government ownership involved in tax avoidance practices. Meanwhile, the existence of independent commissioners does not have a significant effect on the relationship between family, foreign, and government ownership on tax avoidance.

The influence of ownership structure and political connections on tax avoidance in Indonesia

“…The description above is backed up by the studies carried out by Mawaddah & Darsono (2022); Tanujaya et al (2021); Tarmizi & Perkasa (2022) which implies that family ownership does not impact tax avoidance. Nevertheless, the outcome of this study is inconsistent with the study carried out by Andriyanto & Marfiana (2021); Ayunanta et al (2020); Krisyadi & Anita (2022) which demonstrates that family ownership influences tax avoidance. Considering previous explanations and research, the subsequent hypothesis is drafted: H3: Family ownership has a positive effect on tax avoidance…”

“…According to Efendi et al (2022) when the goverments owns more shares, there's less chance of tax avoidance happening. This description is corroborated by the findings oaaf studies performed by Andriyanto & Marfiana (2021); Wulandari & Sudarma (2021); Rakayana et al (2021) which states that tax avoidance is influenced by government ownership. Nevertheless, this contradicts the results of Efendi et al (2022) which suggest that government ownership has no impact on tax avoidance.…”

“…According to Andriyanto & Marfiana (2021) from an agency theory perspective, major shareholders can use tax avoidance behavior as a shield to divert resources from the company, such as through transactions between related parties. Referring to the studies performed by Sari et al (2020) tax avoidance can be calculated through BTD, which is the difference between accounting profit and fiscal profit divided by total assets.…”

“…Based on the tax avoidance phenomenon above, it appears that there are several factors that are thought to be the reason for companies to avoid taxes, some of these factors include government ownership, institutional ownership, family ownership, foreign ownership, and political connections. The first factor is government ownership, Andriyanto & Marfiana, (2021) states that a company can be said to have government ownership if a significant proportion of the company's shares are under government control. Companies that have government ownership shares will pay higher taxes compared to companies without government ownership shares.…”

Koneksi Politik dan Penghindaran Pajak Perusahaan Manufaktur Indonesia

“…Struktur kepemilikan perusahaan yang didominasi oleh keluarga akan berbeda dengan yang dimiliki oleh pemerintah. Perusahaan keluarga akan cenderung melakukan tindakan penghindaran pajak untuk memaksimalkan laba yang dimiliki oleh perusahaan karena akan meningkatkan laba yang dibagikan kepada pemegang saham [19], [20]. Namun, penelitian lain juga menunjukkan bahwa perusahaan keluarga cenderung tidak akan melakukan tindakan berisiko seperti penghindaran pajak karena berusaha untuk menjaga reputasi perusahaan agar tetap beroperasi dalam jangka panjang [21].…”