Pengaruh Proses Pemutihan Multi Tahap Serat Selulosa Dari Limbah Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit

Abstract

ABSTRAK PENGARUH PROSES PEMUTIHAN MULTI TAHAP SERAT SELULOSA DARI LIMBAH TANDAN KOSONG KELAPA SAWIT. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kandungan selulosa limbah tandan kosong kelapa sawit melalui proses bertahap delignifikasi NaOH dilanjutkan dengan pemutihan menggunakan NaClO2. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kandungan selulosa limbah tandan kosong kelapa sawit berhasil ditingkatkan hingga hampir dua kali dari 37,6 ± 0,3% menjadi 84,2 ± 0,3%. Lebih lanjut, proses pemutihan multi tahap menggunakan NaClO2 dapat menurunkan kandungan lignin tandan kosong kelapa sawit menjadi sebesar 3,1 ± 0,2% hampir sama dengan standar selulosa, yaitu 2,6%. Penggunaan NaClO2 juga mampu menurunkan kadar hemiselulosa hingga 12,6%, lebih rendah dibandingkan standar selulosa, yaitu 16,6%. Dari hasil FTIR, gugus puncak serapan selulosa meningkat secara signifikan, sedangkan hemiselulosa dan lignin mengalami penurunan intensitas. Analisa SEM menunjukkan bahwa proses delignifikasi basa dan pemutihan menyebabkan permukaan serat TKS berpori dan bersih yang mengindikasikan berkurangnya lignin dan hemiselulosa. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini, proses delignifikasi NaOH dan pemutihan NaClO2 memiliki selektivitas tinggi yang dapat secara simultan mengurangi kadar hemiselulosa dan lignin tanpa merusak struktur selulosa.Kata kunci : Tandan kosong kelapa sawit, Delignifikasi, Pemutihan, Selulosa ABSTRACT THE EFFECT OF MULTI STAGE BLEACHING PROCESS ON CELLULOSIC FIBRE BASED ON OIL PALM EMPTY FRUIT BUNCHES.This study aims to increase the cellulose content of oil palm empty fruit bunch by sequential delignification using NaOH followed by bleaching process using NaClO2. Results showed that the cellulose content increased twice than the initial content, from 37.6 ± 0.3% to 84.2 ± 0.3%. Moreover, after the bleaching process using NaClO2 and two times of washing, the lignin content can be reduced to 3.1 ± 0.2 %, which was almost similar with cellulose standard (2.6%). Correspondingly, the utilization of NaClO2 also reduced the hemicellulose content to 12.6%, even lower than the cellulose standard (16.6%). FTIR spectrum showed that the peak absorption of cellulose increased significantly after the sequential process of delignification-bleaching. SEM analysis showed an increased in the porosity of the fiber. The bleached OPEFB was cleaner which indicated the removal of lignin and hemicellulose along with other extractives. From this result, it can be concluded that delignification using NaOH and bleaching using NaClO2 offered high selectivity which simultaneously reduced the hemicellulose and lignin content without disrupting the structure of cellulose.

Self-Assembled Behavior of Ultralightweight Aerogel from a Mixture of CNC/CNF from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches

“…However, it was also fragile and easily deformed with a simple pinch gesture. The unbleached nanocellulose (CNC and CNF) affected the color of the aerogel to light brown (see Figure 1 ) since they still contained lignin and hemicellulose with a concentration of 12.1 ± 0.5% and 14.9 ± 0.2%, respectively [ 51 ]. From Figure 1 , we can see that the aerogels exhibited rougher surfaces and streaks, indicating the area where ice crystals formed, which was commonly observed from aerogel fabricated by the freeze-drying process.…”

“…When not handled properly, this enormous amount of waste could potentially pose a harmful threat to the environment. Oil palm empty fruit bunch contains a considerable amount of cellulose, around 40–45% [ 51 ]. Therefore, when managed correctly, the sustainability of the product based-EFB is ensured.…”

The Effect of Acid Hydrolysis Treatment on the Production of Nanocellulose Based on Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches

“…Table 1 shows the elemental analysis of a main lignocellulosic component of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. The cellulose content after simultaneous pre-treatment process increased significantly ( 79.9 ± 0.3 %) compared to the raw material of oil palm empty fruit bunches (37.6 ± 0.3 %) [15]. In addition, the value also comparable to cellulose standard, which recorded 80.8% of cellulose content.…”

“…This stage consists of several processes, including chopping, grinding, and oven drying to produce fine size dried fiber of OPEFB. This pre-treated OPEFB was then purified from lignin and hemicellulose to produce high content cellulose based OPEFB via simultaneous alkaline and bleaching process using hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) [15].…”

Studi Pretreatment Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit Dan Karakterisasi Pemanfataannya Menjadi Kain Tenun Dan Nirtenun Tekstil

“…Pada proses deliginfikasi dan bleaching dilakukan beberapa percobaan menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap untuk melihat pengaruh delignifikasi dan bleaching terhadap kecerahan serat TKKS. 18 Apabila hasil menunjukkan perbedaan yang nyata maka dilakukan uji lanjut dengan menggunakan Duncan Multiple Range Test pada taraf nyata 5%. Pengukuran kecerahan dilakukan menggunakan alat hunter.…”