The Effect of Acid Hydrolysis Treatment on the Production of Nanocellulose Based on Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches

Septevani, Athanasia Amanda; Burhani, Dian; Sampora, Yulianti; Devy, Yenni Apriliany; Ariani, Gita Novi; Sudirman, Sudirman; Sondari, Dewi; Amin, Khairatun Najwa Mohd

doi:10.14203/jkti.v21i1.416

Cited by 10 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The preparation of CNCs was adopted from our previous studies [17] by acid hydrolysis. The concentrations of H2SO4 were 20; 25; 30; and 35 v/v % at a temperature of 50 ⁰C for 3.5 hours and were denoted as CNC20; CNC25; CNC30; and CNC35, respectively.…”

Section: Isolation Of Nanocellulose (Ncs) From Opefbmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In our previous study, we successfully extracted micro-fibrillated cellulose (MFC) from OPEFB using the large-scale pilot plant [17]. In the current study, production of nanocellulose was prepared from the large-scaled OPEFB MFC through the acid hydrolysis method by varying concentrations of H2SO4 at the range of 20-35% according to our previous findings [7,17] that are required to be further investigated depending on current typical obtained MFC. The properties of obtained nanocellulose were analyzed and compared to MFC in terms of chemical structure, morphology, and crystallinity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Production of nanocellulose using controlled acid hydrolysis from large-scale production of micro-fibrillated cellulose derived from oil palm empty fruit bunches

Yurid,

Handayani,

Maturbongs

et al. 2023

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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Nanocellulose is generally known as a versatile material, which is suitable for various applications due to its unique physicochemical properties, including light weight, ease of tunable surface functionalization, and excellent mechanical properties. This research aims to characterize and synthesize nanocellulose produced from acid hydrolysis of large-scaled micro-fibrillated cellulose (MFC) derived from oil palm empty fruit bunches by varying concentrations of H2SO4 from 20 to 35 v/v %. The obtained large-scaled MFC had a density of 1.01 kg/m3 and was dominantly composed of 71% cellulose. After acid hydrolysis of MFC, there were gradual changes in the colour of the obtained cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) dispersion from light white to a darker color with the increase of acid concentration, in which the over hydrolysis occurs at 35% of acid concentration. The use of 25-30% H2SO4 showed the optimum condition to avoid over-hydrolysis and resulted in bright white color of CNC dispersion with excellent stability at zeta potential value of -74.2±0.1 to -88.4±0.2 mV. It was supported by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) due to the presence of negatively charged sulfonyl and hydroxyl groups upon CNC formation to offer excellent dispersion stability. Based on transmission electron microscope (TEM), rod-like shape CNC with a low aspect ratio of 11.8 at the dimension of 12.8 ± 6.7 nm in width and 151.9 ± 38.3 nm in length was successfully produced. Based on X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, the crystallinity of the sample was 76%.

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Section: Isolation Of Nanocellulose (Ncs) From Opefbmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production of nanocellulose using controlled acid hydrolysis from large-scale production of micro-fibrillated cellulose derived from oil palm empty fruit bunches

Yurid,

Handayani,

Maturbongs

et al. 2023

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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“…Sulfuric acid hydrolysis in cellulose is a heterogeneous process. Acid diffuses into cellulose fiber and cuts the glycosidic bond in cellulose polymers [10,26]. During the acid hydrolysis process, some of the hydroxyl group (-OH) on the crystalline surface area will turn into sulfate group (-OSO 3 ) [10].…”

Section: Nanocellulose Extraction From Sugarcane Bagassementioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous Effect of Ultrasonic and Chemical Treatment on the Extraction of Nanocellulose From Sugarcane Bagasse

Hisbiyah

Nurfadlilah

2021

J. Kim. Sains Apl.

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The focus of this study was the simultaneous effect of ultrasonic and chemical treatment on the extraction of nanocellulose from sugarcane bagasse. Ultrasonic waves can accelerate the dispersion process of nanocellulose particles so that extraction runs faster and is environmentally friendly. The bagasse was treated by chemical treatment with ultrasonic waves, and then the nanocellulose was prepared using acid hydrolysis with ultrasonic waves. The effect of ultrasonication was investigated. The crystallinity of sugarcane bagasse, cellulose, and nanocellulose was analyzed by X-ray diffraction. Based on the diffractogram, there was an increase in the crystallinity of nanocellulose. The chemical composition of extracted cellulose and nanocellulose was analyzed by Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy. The results of the analysis showed that lignin and hemicellulose were removed from the bagasse during the extraction process. The analysis results also showed that the breaking of intramolecular hydrogen and glycosidic bonds occurred during the hydrolysis process. The morphology of bagasse, cellulose, and nanocellulose was analyzed by Scanning electron microscopy. While the particle size of nanocellulose was analyzed by the Particle Size Analysis instrument. The average size of nanocellulose particles was 132.67 nm.

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“…Cellulose in EFB can be raw material for nanofiber cellulose, microfiber cellulose, cellulose hydrogel, and others [7,8]. Cellulose can also be converted to chemicals such as glucose, ethanol, acetic acid, lactic acid, levulinic acid, hydroxy methyl furfural, etc [9][10][11][12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Delignification of empty fruit bunch using deep eutectic solvent for biobased-chemical production

Muryanto

Amelia²,

Izzah³

et al. 2022

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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Lignocellulose biomass was a potential feedstock for biobased chemicals substituting fossil-based chemicals. Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) is the largest lignocellulose biomass from oil palm waste. Lignocellulose contains cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. Pretreatment is one of the steps in the bioconversion of lignocellulose material. Pretreatment aims to reduce lignin in lignocellulose because lignin can inhibit biomass conversion. The objection of this research is to conduct pretreatment by deep eutectic solvent (DES). DES is the green solvent widely used for biomass conversion. The pretreatment process was conducted at various temperatures and processing times. The delignification of EFB by using DES in 100°C, 120°C, and 150°C pretreatment temperature was 30.67%, 40.60%, and 44.05% respectively. This pretreated-EFB can be used further for biobased chemicals such as glucose, ethanol, or furfural.

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The Effect of Acid Hydrolysis Treatment on the Production of Nanocellulose Based on Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches

Cited by 10 publications

References 18 publications

Production of nanocellulose using controlled acid hydrolysis from large-scale production of micro-fibrillated cellulose derived from oil palm empty fruit bunches

Production of nanocellulose using controlled acid hydrolysis from large-scale production of micro-fibrillated cellulose derived from oil palm empty fruit bunches

Simultaneous Effect of Ultrasonic and Chemical Treatment on the Extraction of Nanocellulose From Sugarcane Bagasse

Delignification of empty fruit bunch using deep eutectic solvent for biobased-chemical production

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