Pengalaman Hidup Pasien Stoma Pascakolostomi

Abstract

Jumlah pasien pasca kolostomi akibat kanker kolon dan rektal di Indonesia mengalami peningkatan yang signifikan. Kolostomi menyebabkan masalah fisik, psikososial dan spiritual serta ekonomi. Tenaga kesehatan terutama perawat perlu memberikan asuhan keperawatan terhadap pasien pasca kolostomi secara menyeluruh. Penelitian kualitatif terhadap pasien kolostomi sangat diperlukan sebagai upaya untuk mengungkap secara mendalam pengalaman hidup pasien pasca kolostomi dan menemukan new insight, sehingga dapat menambah pengetahuan perawat dalam upaya meningkatkan kualitas asuhan keperawatan yang diberikan pada pasien. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan fenomenologi. Data didapatkan dengan wawancara mendalam terhadap delapan informan yang merupakan pasien rawat jalan, terdiri dari lima laki-laki dan tiga perempuan, usia antara 30 tahun sampai dengan 73 tahun. Lamanya hidup dengan kolostomi antara empat bulan sampai dengan enam tahun. Analisis hasil wawancara menggunakan metode Colaizzi. Tema yang didapatkan dari pengalaman hidup pasien kolostomi antara lain: keterbatasan dalam melakukan aktivitas sehari-hari, perubahan psikososial informan, perubahan dalam perilaku ibadah dan distres spiritual, perubahan pada aktivitas seksual, sumber-sumber dukungan bagi informan, upaya menjalani hidup dengan kolostomi, adaptasi terhadap perubahan yang terjadi, serta penyulit dalam menjalani hidup dengan kolostomi. Individu yang hidup dengan kolostomi mengalami keterbatasan dalam pemenuhan kebutuhan dasarnya, termasuk perubahan psikososial, distres spiritual dan masalah ekonomi. Berdasarkan penelitian ini, perawat disarankan memberikan dukungan dan dan perhatian pada pasien pasca kolostomi.Kata kunci:Kanker kolorektal, kolostomi, pengalaman hidup AbstractThe number of patient with colostomy that it caused by colorectal cancer has been increasing significantlyin Indonesia. Colostomy was affected to physical, psychosocial, spiritual and economic of patients. Health providers, especially nurses need to provide holistic care for post colostomy patients. The aims of this qualitative study were to describe the life experience of post colostomy patients and to explore new insight of nursing interventions. The new insight would increase nurses’ knowledge and improve the quality of nursing care. This phenomenological study was obtained data using in-depth interviews to 8 informants. The informants consist of 5 men and 3 women. The characteristic of informants included age between 30-73 years, and the length of time living with a colostomy between 4 months to 6 years. The data were analyzed using the Colaizzi method. This study found several themes such as limited daily activities, psychosocial changes; spiritual distress; changes in sexualactivities;sources of support;live with a colostomy; live adaptation; the burdens living with a colostomy. Living with a colostomy faced problems including the limitation to fulfill their needs, psychosocial changes, spiritual distress, and economic problems. Based on those problems, nurses can give support and attention for post colostomy patients.Key words: Colorectal cancer, colostomy, life experiences

Quality of Life of Patients With End-Stoma in Medan: a Phenomenological Study

“…While Kuzu et al shows that the presence of stomas is significantly an aspect that affects the quality of life related to health and is associated by decreased activity of prayer (Kuzu et al, 2002). This finding is also in accordance with previous research which states of the eight participants, all experienced limitations in religious rituals or spiritual distress (Rangki, Ibrahim, & Nuraeni, 2014).…”

“…Thus, it affects household finances including in terms of efforts to meet family needs. Literature said stoma patients had difficulties living with the stoma, which is an economic hardship, the cost of shopping stoma bags and other living expenses (Rangki et al, 2014).…”