Penetration Enhancing Effect of Polysorbate 20 and 80 on the <i>In Vitro</i> Percutaneous Absorption of LAscorbic Acid

Abstract

Purpose: To investigate the penetration enhancing effect of two polysorbates -polyoxyethylene 20

In Vitro Permeation of Micronized and Nanonized Alaptide from Semisolid Formulations

“…If the cumulative amount of drug per unit area ( Q t [ μ g]) in the receiver chamber is plotted as a function of time ( T [h]), steady state permeation flux ( J [ μ g/h/cm 2 ]) can be calculated from the slope of the linear portion of the curve [35]. It takes some time for achieving the steady state of maximum permeation and this time may be considered to be the lag time ( T lag [h]).…”

Subunit Vaccine Delivery

“…In addition, chemical enhancers increase the partitioning of drugs resulting in an increased diffusion rate (Hadgraft and Walters 1992 ;Parhi et al 2012 ). The most commonly used penetration enhancers are alcohols (Morimoto et al 2002 ), propylene glycol (Díez-Sales et al 2005 ) and surfactants such as polysorbate (Akhtar 2011 ).…”

Permeation of Indomethacin through Skin Using Nanonized Alaptide

“…The corrected data were expressed as the cumulative drug permeation (Q t ) per unit of skin surface area using equation: Q t = C' n /A; where A = 0.6359 cm 2 in our experiment. From the slope of the linear portion of the curve [29] [31,32]. The enhancement effect was expressed as an enhancement ratio (ER) that was calculated by the formula ER = J ss-x /J ss-k ; where J ss-x = steady-state permeation flux with CPE, J ss-k = steady-state permeation flux without CPE [33].…”