Penetration characteristics of a submerged steam jet

Abstract

The phenomena of a condensible gas jet discharging into a liquid bath has attracted attention from investigators representing a number of interests and disciplines. This process may involve condensation of a pure component (steam into water), dissolution of a gas into a bulk liquid phase (ammonia into water), or a more complicated reactive situation (oxidizing gas injected into a liquid metal bath). In each of these systems, it is of interest to know the size and chamcteristics of the submerged jet cavity as a function of the operating conditions. Since the steam jet condensing into water has experimental advantages due to its relative safety and good optical qualities, the present investigation was limited to this case.Although numerous studies, for example, (1 to 3 ) have been conducted on noncondensible gases discharging into water, there have been relatively few studies of the condensing jet. In one of the earliest studies, Boehm ( 4 ) observed the cavity formed by R steam jet issuing from a 3-mm. diameter injector into a water bath. He observed that the length of the cavity increased with increasing bath temperature. As the bath approached the saturation temperature, the cavity became unstable and broke up into numerous individual bubbles.Glikman ( 5 ) probed the velocity and temperature distribution in cavities formed from axisymmetric and two dimensional injectors. The data was limited and no attempt was made to correlate the results, however, Glikman concluded that condensation occurs in an irregular wavy interface. Unusually high turbulence levels were estimated in proximity to the interface. Binford et al. (6) observed cavities formed by steam jetsissuing from vertical tubes having inside diameters in the range 0.0109-0.0226m. at atmospheric pressure. Jet exit mass velocities were in the range 58-350 kg/m2 * s at a fixed bath temperature of 305°K. It was found that the ratio of cavity length to injector diameter varied logarithmically with jet exit mass velocity. A definite change in slope was observed for this correlation when the injector was choked. I n the choked flow regime, the growth of cavity length with increasing mass velocity was much more rapid than for unchoked flow.Correspondence concerning this paper should be addressed to G. M.Faeth. P. J. Kemey is with Lafayette College, Easton, Pennsylvania. Page 548May, 1972The goal of the present investigation was to extend the experimental range of these earlier investigations. Particular emphasis was placed on obtaining a correlation for cavity length as a function of operating conditions (bath temperature, injector mass velocity, diameter, etc.) . EXPERIMENTAL APPARATUS AND PROCEDUREA sketch of the overall test apparatus is shown in Figure 1. The water bath was contained within a rectangular steel tank equipped with windows for observation and photography of the steam cavities. The water bath was 0.76 m high, 0.76 m wide, and 1.52 in. long. The bath temperature was measured by seven thermocouples placed at various locations in the bath. The tempe...

The Direct Contact Condensation of Steam in a Pool at Low Mass Flux

“…On the other hand, the thermal resistance of water is estimated to be relatively high and able to be an important factor. According to the analytic model by Kerney et al 1) and others, the subcooling of pool water is, therefore, the main parameter of the thermal driving force of direct contact condensation. Additionally, the diameter of the injection nozzle influences the interfacial area between steam and water.…”

“…1) At low steam mass flux, Chan and Lee, 2) Nariai and Aya 3) and Aya and Nariai 4) presented condensation regime maps. Also, Kim 5) and Cho et al 6) constructed a condensation regime map by acoustic/visual observation and dynamic pressure behavior in the wide range of the steam flow rate.…”

اصلاح مدل انتقال جرم «نرخ معین» برای شبیه سازی عددی فرایند چگالش تماس مستقیم جت بخار در جریان آب

“…1972 [9] [11] u= Q=mty w Q=m}y=O |R=UpOt |= Q@ VywSB u}= QO =yv; u}vJty "OvOQ@ xQy@ u} Qrw= pOt R= ? ; QNDU= |rOt uOQm xi=[= =@ =yv; "OvOQm xO=iDU= OQ=Ov=DU= k " syQO pOt R= p=}U u=}QH Q=m G}=Dv OvDUv=wD 'Ovm |R=Ux}@W |R=iwO u=}QH QO = Q nQR@ |=yx@=OQo Ov=wD@ xm |=y|R=Ux}@W QO "Ovvm QDl}ORv |i}m w |tm Q_v R= |y=oW}=tR; G}=Dv x@ = Q OwN p=}U , = QFm = u} Qrw= =} w p=}U sHL pOt wO \UwD u}W}B C=ar=]t QO xOW s=Hv= QNDU= l} QO Q=N@ j} QRD CQwY x@ |R=Ux}@W w xOW ZQi um =U '?…”

Experimental and Theoretical Study of the Characteristics of Submerged Horizontal Gas Jets and Vertical Plunging Water Jets in Water Ambient

“…One advantage of this approach is that it enables distinguishing between bubbles that have fractured from the gas jet column and an injector continuous jet, which is not possible using the electroresistive probe. Kerney et al (1972) and Weimer et al (1972) studied the penetration length of sonic steam jet submerged horizontally in quiescent subcooled water experimentally and theoretically, they obtained correlations to calculate the dimensionless penetration length. Hoefele and Brimacombe (1979) have investigated the dynamics of a gas jet discharging horizontally into liquids over a wide range of the gas flow rates.…”

“…This involves oscillatory release of gas which can cause liquid to slug into the jet passage. The unsteadiness is accompanied by appreciable fluctuations of static pressure in the flow passage and beyond the jet boundaries, often resulting in excessive noise and vibration as well as blockage of the passage in cases where the gas reacts with the liquid (Kerney et al 1972, Chan 1974, Avery and Faeth 1974, Loth and Faeth 1989.…”