Penetapan Kadar Senyawa Fitokimia (Tanin, Saponin dan Flavonoid) sebagai Kuersetin Pada Ekstrak Daun Inggu (Ruta angustifolia L.)

Abstract

ABSTRAKSecara empiris daun Inggu (Ruta angustifolia L.) berpotensi untuk dijadikan bahan baku obat tradisional karena mengandung zat fitokimia. Organ utama yang paling banyak digunakan sebagai obat tradisional adalah daunnya. Senyawa fitokimia yang terkandung dalam daun inggu antara lain flavonoid sebagai kuersetin, tannin dan saponin. Flavonoid adalah senyawa yang terdiri dari 15 atom karbon yang berfungsi sebagai pigmen tanaman. Fungsi flavonoid yaitu melindungi struktur sel, meningkatkan efektifitas vitamin C, antiinflamasi dan sebagai antibiotik. Sedangkan saponin dan tanin merupakan golongan senyawa aktif tumbuhan yang bersifat fenol, mempunyai rasa sepat dan memiliki aktivitas antibakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kadar flavonoid, tannin dan saponin yang terdapat dalam daun Inggu. Preparasi sampel daun inggu dilakukan dengan teknik ekstraksi maserasi dengan pelarut etanol 96%. Analisis kadar tannin dan flavonoid sebagai kuersetin ditentukan dengan Spektrofotometri UVVisibel pada panjang gelombang (λ) 725 nm. Sedangkan analisis kadar saponin menggunakan TLC Scanner. Hasil analisis menunjukkan kadar flavonoid daun inggu sebagai kuersetin sebesar 1,67%; saponin sebesar 2,13% dan tannin sebesar 7,04%.Kata-kata kunci : Ruta angustifolia , fitokimia, flavonoid, tannin, saponin. ABSTRACTEmpirically, Inggu leaves (Ruta angustifolia L.) has potential to be used as raw material of traditional medicine because it contains phytochemical substances. The main organ most widely used as a traditional medicine is its leaves. Phytochemical compounds contained in the leaves of inggu include quercetin, tannin and saponins. Quercetin is a class of flavonol compounds (part of flavonoids). Quercetin has the ability to prevent the oxidation process from low density lipoprotein (LDL) by capturing free radicals and inhibiting transition metals, so that quercetin is believed to protect the body from various degerative diseases. While flavonoids are compounds consisting of 15 carbon atoms that act as plant pigments. The function of flavonoids is to protect the cell structure, increase the effectiveness of vitamin C, antiinflammatory and as an antibiotic. While saponin and tannin are a group of active compounds of plants that have a sense of bitter and have antibacterial activity. This study was aim to determine the number of quercetin, tannins and saponins contained in the inggu's leaves. Preparation of inggu leaf sample was done by maceration extraction technique used 96% ethanol solvent. Analysis of tannin and quercetin levels was determined by UV-Visible Spectrophotometry at 725 nm wavelength (λ). While the analysis of saponin content using TLC Scanner at 301 nm wavelength (λ). The results showed that content of quercetin was 1.67%; saponins 2.13% and tannins 7.04%.

PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT: a Preliminary Test on Five Medicinal Plants on Bangkalan

“…Some saponins are known to be capable of deactivating viruses (Francis, Kerem, Makkar, & Becker, 2002), antimicrobial (Soetan, Oyekunle, Aiyelaagbe, & Fafunso, 2006), and antiinflammatory effects (Audina & Khaerati, 2018). (Noer, Pratiwi, & Gresinta, 2018)…”

ANALISIS JENIS DAN KADAR SAPONIN EKSTRAK METANOL DAUN KEMANGI (Ocimum basilicum L.) DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE GRAVIMETRI

“…Kadar saponin dapat dianalisis secara kuantitatif dengan menggunakan metode gravimetri [7]. Selain menggunakan metode gravimetri, metode TLC Scanner dan spektrofotometri Uv-Vis juga dapat digunakan dalam menganalisis kandungan saponin [8,9].…”

Antidiarrheal Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Vernonia amygdalina Del Leaves againts Male Mice Induced by Oleum Ricini

“…Changing the color of the solution to orange to brick red indicates the presence of flavonoids (Noer et al, 2018).…”

“…A total of 0.5 g of extract is put into a test tube, then 2 mL of water is added and shaken vigorously for 10 seconds. The presence of saponins is indicated by the formation of stable foam for 10 minutes with height of 1-3 cm (Noer et al, 2018).…”

“…A total of 0.5 g of extract is put into a test tube, then were added by 2 or 3 drops of 1% FeCl3 solution. The blackish green or dark blue solution formed indicated the precence of tannins (Noer et al, 2018). After that all test animals were given induction of Oleum ricini 0.75 ml orally.…”