Penerapan Model Pertanian Ramah Lingkungan sebagai Jaminan Perbaikan Kuantitas dan Kualitas Hasil Tanaman Pangan

Abstract

Keberhasilan peningkatan produktivitas tanaman pangan yang diikuti dengan kelestarian lingkungan hidup merupakan prinsip penerapan sistem pertanian ramah lingkungan berkelanjutan. Berbagai sistem pertanian ramah lingkungan telah dikembangkan dengan berpedoman pada budidaya pertanian yang baik melalui sinergis antar komponen teknologi, antara lain pengelolaan tanaman terpadu, jajar legowo super, sistem integrasi tanaman-ternak bebas limbah, dan pengendalian organisme pengganggu tanaman secara terpadu. Melalui sinergi komponen teknologi secara terpadu, penerapan sistem pertanian ramah lingkungan memantapkan capaian produktivitas tanaman pangan, kualitas tanah terpelihara, dan emisi gas rumah kaca dapat tereduksi. Beberapa komponen teknologi yang mampu memberikan hasil tanaman tinggi, emisi gas rumah kaca rendah, dan rendah kontaminan antara lain pengairan berselang, penggunaan bahan organik matang (nisbah C/N rendah) dengan bantuan biodekomposer, pemupukan berimbang, pengendalian hama secara terpadu dengan mengandalkan pestisida nabati, jarak tanam legowo, dan varietas padi unggul rendah emisi. Melalui pengelolaan tanaman terpadu, hasil padi sawah dapat meningkat hingga 47%, pendapatan petani meningkat 29-76%, dan emisi GRK turun sekitar 18-26%.

Keragaan Tanaman dan Kelayakan Finansial Teknologi Usahatani Padi Jajar Legowo Super di Kabupaten Karanganyar, Jawa Tengah

“…Sistem tanam jajar legowo adalah sistem tanam padi dengan jarak dan tata tanam berselang seling antara dua atau lebih (sistem tanam yang direkomendasikan adalah 2:1, 3:1 dan 4:1) barisan tanaman dan diselingi satu barisan yang kosong, dimana jarak tanam pada barisan pinggir setengah kali jarak tanam antarbarisan (Kementerian Pertanian 2016;Rebekka 2018). Sistem tanam jajar legowo 2:1 dengan jarak tanam 25 cm x 12,5 cm x 50 cm meningkatkan populasi tanaman 33,3% dibanding sistem tanam tegel dengan jarak tanam 25 cm x 25 cm (Wihardjaka 2018). Prinsip sistem tanam jajar legowo adalah memanipulasi sebagian besar letak rumpun tanaman padi agar berada di pinggir barisan (tanaman pinggir) agar tanaman memperoleh sinar matahari lebih banyak sehingga menghasilkan kuantitas dan kualitas gabah lebih baik (Ikhwani et al 2013), memudahkan pemupukan, pengendalian gulma, dan menekan perkembangan penyakit endemik karena kelembaban yang tinggi (Kementerian Pertanian 2016).…”

The impact of Integrated Crop Management technical guidance of cayenne pepper crops to the farmer’s in Klungkung Regency, Bali

“…The traditional farming system is characterized by pest and disease management was done by using chemical pesticide intensively without considering the Integrated Pest Management (IPM) principals. Excessive use of chemical pesticide created many negative effects such as the increasing of farming system cost, un-optimum crops productivity, environmental pollution, the presence of pesticide residues in fruits or vegetables after and during harvest, pest become resistant to pesticides, the destruction of biodiversity, lead to secondary pest outbreaks and harmful to human health [2,3,4,5,6,7]. Furthermore, farmers in Bali Province have not applicated yet the balanced fertilization, they only applicated the chemical fertilizer for their farming system.…”

“…The ICM implementation is emphasizing on farmer active participation to choose and evaluate appropriate technology for their biophysical environment, socialcultural, and economic aspect. The implementation of ICM is not only solely purposed to maximizing yields but also environmentally sustainable while increasing production efficiency and profitability [7,11,10,12]. Many studies have reported the successful of ICM implementation to increase the productivity of crops and farmer's income particularly to the food crops and horticulture commodity such as rice, maize, and cayenne pepper [13,14,15,16,17,18].…”

The Feasibility of Conventional and Environmentally Friendly Shallot Farming at Selopamioro Village Bantul Regency

“…Meanwhile, an environmentally friendly agricultural system is a sustainable agricultural system that aims to increase and maintain high productivity by paying attention to the supply of nutrients. This system uses organic materials, minimizes inorganic fertilizers, improves soil biota, controls plant pest organisms (OPT) based on ecological conditions, and diversifies crops [5]. One of the obstacles in cultivating shallots in production centers is the high use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides.…”