Penempatan Perawat pada Fasilitas Pelayanan Kesehatan di Luar Negeri: Alur dan Kendala

Abstract

Abstrak
 Banyaknya peluang kerja dari luar negeri yang ditawarkan untuk perawat Indonesia perlu diimbangi dengan kejelasan informasi tentang tahapan penempatan perawat ke luar negeri. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui tahapan sebelum penempatan sampai dengan penempatan ke negara tujuan beserta kendala yang dihadapi agar calon perawat yang akan bekerja ke luar negeri memiliki gambaran alurnya dan dapat mengantisipasi kendala yang mungkin timbul. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif. Informan adalah perwakilan Pelaksana Penempatan Tenaga Kerja Indonesia Swasta (PPTKIS) di Jakarta dan perawat di Jakarta, Jawa Barat dan Jawa Timur yang pernah bekerja pada fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan di luar negeri. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara mendalam dan analisis data dimulai dari telaah data, reduksi data, kategorisasi data dan menginterpretasikan data. Tahapan perawat bekerja ke luar negeri secara umum dimulai dari tahap pendaftaran, tes tertulis, tes wawancara, tes kesehatan, proses matching, tes kesehatan, pembekalan akhir pemberangkatan, dan penempatan di tempat kerja di luar negeri. Persyaratan administrasi dalam tahap pendaftaran bisa berubah/berbeda setiap tahun. Kendala yang dihadapi saat bekerja di luar negeri adalah culture shock, kurangnya kemampuan bahasa, dan rasa bosan. Sebaiknya lama pelatihan/pembekalan dikaji kembali, perawat perlu memaksimalkan proses matching dengan user untuk mendapatkan informasi gambaran pekerjaan, dan perlunya kejelasan komitmen dari perawat agar mereka bisa mengaktualisasikan diri untuk mengurangi rasa bosan. Kata kunci: Penempatan, tahapan, kendala, luar negeri, perawat
 Abstract
 The large number of overseas employment opportunities offered to Indonesian nurses needs to be balanced with clear information about the stages of placement nurses abroad. The purpose of this study is to determine the stages before placement until placement to the destination country along with the obstacles faced so that prospective nurses who will work abroad have a picture of the stages and can anticipate obstacles that may arise. This research is a qualitative research. The informants were Pelaksana Penempatan Tenaga Kerja Indonesia Swasta (PPTKIS) representatives in Jakarta and nurses in Jakarta, West Java and East Java who have worked in health service facilities abroad. Data is collected through in-depth interviews and data analysis starting from data examine, data reduction, data categorization and data interpretation. Stages of nurses working abroad generally start from the registration stage, written test, interview test, medical test, matching processes, medical test, final debriefing on departure, and placement in workplaces abroad. The administrative requirements in the registration stage can change/differ every year. The obstacles faced when working abroad are culture shock, lack of language skills, and feeling bored. It is recommended that the length of training/debriefing be reviewed, nurses need to maximize the matching process with the user to get job description information, and the need for clarity of commitment from nurses so that they can actualize themselves to reduce boredom.
 Keywords: Placement, stages, obstacle, overseas, nurse

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