Pendular rings between solids: meniscus properties and capillary force

Orr, Franklin M.; Scriven, L. E.; Rivas, Ayala

doi:10.1017/s0022112075000572

Cited by 554 publications

(510 citation statements)

References 19 publications

(13 reference statements)

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“…11À13 Under static conditions, the adhesion arises 33 from capillary attraction while viscous forces will also be devel- 34 oped when there is relative motion between the solid surfaces. 35 Liquid bridges have been studied theoretically by numerous 36 researchers, and also experimentally often with water or another 37 Newtonian fluid. For example, atomic force microscopy (AFM) 38 has been employed widely to investigate the capillary forces, 14 in- 39 cluding the effect of humidity on condensed bridges for hydro- 40 philic and hydrophobic systems, 15À17 the critical effect of tip 41 geometry on the magnitude of the forces and the rupture 42 stability, 18,19 assessing the geometry of nanoscale contacts, 20 43 and the stability of nanoscale aqueous liquid bridges taking into 44 account possible effects arising from cavitation.…”

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confidence: 99%

Application of Colloid Probe Atomic Force Microscopy to the Adhesion of Thin Films of Viscous and Viscoelastic Silicone Fluids

Bowen¹,

Cheneler²,

Andrews³

et al. 2011

Langmuir

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confidence: 99%

Application of Colloid Probe Atomic Force Microscopy to the Adhesion of Thin Films of Viscous and Viscoelastic Silicone Fluids

Bowen¹,

Cheneler²,

Andrews³

et al. 2011

Langmuir

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“…Most of the previous work related to tensile strength of the unsaturated soils has been limited to fine-grained soils, such as clay or clayey silt, or cemented fine-grained soils (Bishop and Garga 1969;Bofinger 1970;Al-Hussaini and Townsend 1973 and others). Only in the past few decades, advances have been made on the qualitative and quantitative understanding of the capillary attraction mechanism in unsaturated granular materials (Rumpf 1961;Schubert et al 1975aSchubert et al , 1975bOrr et al 1975;Dobbs and Yeomans 1992;Pierrat and Caram 1997;Kim 2001;Karube and Kawai 2001;Kim and Hwang 2003;Kim and Sture 2004;Molenkamp and Nazemi 2003;Lu et al, 2007).…”

Section: Problem Statementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Pore-Water Surface Tension on Tensile Strength of Unsaturated Sand

2016

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Tensile behaviour of unsaturated sand was investigated both experimentally and theoretically.A custom-built direct tension apparatus was employed to perform direct tension tests on unsaturated silica sand specimens at different saturations levels and packing dry densities.Attempt was made to understand the effect of surface tension of pore-liquid and tensile loading rate on the tensile strength. It was found that the tensile strength decreases, as the surface tension of the pore-liquid decreases and rate of loading increases. However, tensile strength does not decrease as a simple multiple of ratio of surface tension of pore-liquid. The experimental results were also compared with the predicted results from two theoretical tensile strength models, namely, micro-mechanical and the macro-mechanical models. Results predicted using the micro-mechanical model agreed well with the experimental results, but only for specimens containing distilled water in the pendular saturation regime. On the other hand, the macro-mechanical model followed the experimental trend across pendular and funicular saturation regimes for specimens containing distilled water reasonably well.However, at reduced surface tension of pore-liquid, both models significantly under-predicted the experimental tensile strength results.iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Foremost, I would like to express the deepest appreciation to my thesis supervisor and mentor, Dr. Jitendrapal Sharma, who has the attitude and the substance of a genius. Without his guidance and relentless encouragement, my thesis would not have been possible. I would also like to thank him for his financial support throughout the course of the researchwork.Thanks for everything, Dr. Sharma.In addition, a big thank you to my co-supervisor Dr. Rashid Bashir, whose expertise in unsaturated soil mechanics helped me to structure my research and thesis. He has shared valuable insights in the relevance of the study and made this research successful. I would also

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“…In other situations, e.g. a meniscus between a sphere and a plane, the shape is imposed by the contact angle (see for example Orr, Scriven & Rivas 1975); this corresponds to a different set of boundary conditions.…”

Section: Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forced dynamics of a short viscous liquid bridge

2014

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The dynamics of an axisymmetric liquid bridge of a fluid of density ρ, viscosity µ and surface tension σ held between two co-axial disks of equal radius e is studied when one disk is slowly moved with a velocity U(t). The analysis is performed using a one-dimensional model for thin bridges. We consider attached boundary conditions (the contact line is fixed to the boundary of the disk), neglect gravity and limit our analysis to short bridges such that there exists a stable equilibrium shape. This equilibrium is a Delaunay curve characterized by the two geometric parameters 0 = V 0 /(πe 3 ) and S = (πe 2 )/V 0 , where V 0 is the volume of fluid and the length of the bridge. Our objective is to analyse the departure of the dynamical solution from the static Delaunay shape as a function of 0 , S, the Ohnesorge number Oh = µ/ √ ρσ e, and the instantaneous velocity U(t) and acceleration ∂ t U (non-dimensionalized using e and σ /ρ) of the disk. Using a perturbation theory for small velocity and acceleration, we show that (i) a non-homogeneous velocity field proportional to U(t) and independent of Oh is present within the bridge; (ii) the area correction to the equilibrium shape can be written as U 2 A i + U Oh A v + ∂ t UA a where A i , A v and A a are functions of 0 and S only. The characteristics of the velocity field and the shape corrections are analysed in detail. For the case of a cylinder (S = 1), explicit expressions are derived and used to provide some insight into the break-up that the deformation would induce. The asymptotic results are validated and tested by direct numerical simulations when the velocity is constant and when it oscillates. For the constant velocity case, we demonstrate that the theory provides a very good estimate of the dynamics for a large range of parameters. However, a systematic departure is observed for very small Oh due to the persistence of free eigenmodes excited during the transient. These same eigenmodes also limit the applicability of the theory to oscillating bridges with large oscillating periods. Finally, the perturbation theory is applied to the cylindrical solution of Frankel & Weihs (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 155 (1985), pp. 289-307) obtained for constant velocity U when the contact lines are allowed to move. We show that it can be used to compute the correction associated with acceleration. Finally, the effect of gravity is discussed and shown to modify the equilibrium shape but not the main results obtained from the perturbation theory.

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Pendular rings between solids: meniscus properties and capillary force

Cited by 554 publications

References 19 publications

Application of Colloid Probe Atomic Force Microscopy to the Adhesion of Thin Films of Viscous and Viscoelastic Silicone Fluids

Application of Colloid Probe Atomic Force Microscopy to the Adhesion of Thin Films of Viscous and Viscoelastic Silicone Fluids

Effect of Pore-Water Surface Tension on Tensile Strength of Unsaturated Sand

Forced dynamics of a short viscous liquid bridge

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